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- Early COVID‐19 XBB.1.5 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalisation Among Adults Targeted for Vaccination, VEBIS Hospital Network, Europe, October 2023–January 2024Publication . Antunes, Liliana; Mazagatos, Clara; Martínez‐Baz, Iván; Naesens, Reinout; Borg, Maria‐Louise; Petrović, Goranka; Fatukasi, Terra; Jancoriene, Ligita; Machado, Ausenda; Oroszi, Beatrix; Husa, Petr; Lazar, Mihaela; Dürrwald, Ralf; Howard, Jennifer; Melo, Aryse; Pérez‐Gimeno, Gloria; Castilla, Jesús; Bernaert, Eva; Džiugytė, Aušra; Makarić, Zvjezdana Lovrić; Fitzgerald, Margaret; Mickienė, Auksė; Gómez, Verónica; Túri, Gergő; Součková, Lenka; Marin, Alexandru; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Nicolay, Nathalie; Rose, Angela M.C.; European Hospital Vaccine Effectiveness GroupWe conducted a multicentre test-negative case–control study covering the period from October 2023 to January 2024 among adult patients aged ≥18 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection in Europe. We provide early estimates of the effectiveness of the newly adapted XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation. Vaccine effectiveness was 49% overall, ranging between 69% at 14–29days and 40% at 60–105days post vaccination. The adapted XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines conferred protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation in the first 3.5months post vaccination, with VE>70% in older adults (≥65 years) up to 1month post vaccination.
- Effectiveness of the adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 60 years during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period: VEBIS SARI VE network, Europe, February to August, 2023Publication . Antunes, Liliana; Mazagatos, Clara; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Gómez, Verónica; Borg, Maria-Louise; Petrović, Goranka; Duffy, Róisín; Dufrasne, François E; Dürrwald, Ralf; Lazar, Mihaela; Jancoriene, Ligita; Oroszi, Beatrix; Husa, Petr; Howard, Jennifer; Melo, Aryse; Pozo, Francisco; Pérez-Gimeno, Gloria; Castilla, Jesús; Machado, Ausenda; Džiugytė, Aušra; Karabuva, Svjetlana; Fitzgerald, Margaret; Fierens, Sébastien; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Popovici, Silvia-Odette; Mickienė, Auksė; Túri, Gergő; Součková, Lenka; Nicolay, Nathalie; Rose, Angela MC; on behalf of the European Hospital Vaccine Effectiveness GroupThe European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorised four adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for use against COVID-19 in September/October 2022: Comirnaty (BNT162b2; Pfizer-BioNTech) and Spikevax (mRNA-1273; Moderna) Original/Omicron BA.1 and Original/Omicron BA.4–5 [1]. During autumn 2022, all European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries had vaccination campaigns in place to administer a booster dose, with several countries using the adapted bivalent vaccines [2]. The Omicron-descendent XBB lineage and XBB.1.5 sub-lineage became variants of interest in March 2023 [3]. We estimated the effectiveness of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccines against hospitalisation with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients aged ≥ 60 years with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the XBB lineage-predominant period.
- Effectiveness of the XBB.1.5 COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalisation Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years During the BA.2.86/JN.1 Predominant Period, VEBIS Hospital Study, Europe, November 2023 to May 2024Publication . Antunes, Liliana; Rojas-Castro, Madelyn; Lozano, Marcos; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Leroux-Roels, Isabel; Borg, Maria-Louise; Oroszi, Beatrix; Fitzgerald, Margaret; Dürrwald, Ralf; Jancoriene, Ligita; Machado, Ausenda; Petrović, Goranka; Lazar, Mihaela; Součková, Lenka; Bacci, Sabrina; Howard, Jennifer; Verdasca, Nuno; Basile, Luca; Castilla, Jesús; Ternest, Silke; Džiugytė, Aušra; Túri, Gergő; Duffy, Roisin; Hackmann, Carolin; Kuliese, Monika; Gomez, Verónica; Makarić, Zvjezdana Lovrić; Marin, Alexandru; Husa, Petr; Nicolay, Nathalie; Rose, Angela M.C.; VEBIS SARI VE network teamWe estimated the effectiveness of the adapted monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation during the BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage-predominant period using a multicentre test-negative case-control study in Europe. We included older adults (≥ 65 years) hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection from November 2023 to May 2024. Vaccine effectiveness was 46% at 14-59 days and 34% at 60-119 days, with no effect thereafter. The XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines conferred protection against BA.2.86 lineage hospitalisation in the first 4 months post-vaccination.
- Interim 2023/24 influenza A vaccine effectiveness: VEBIS European primary care and hospital multicentre studies, September 2023 to January 2024Publication . Maurel, Marine; Howard, Jennifer; Kissling, Esther; Pozo, Francisco; Pérez-Gimeno, Gloria; Buda, Silke; Sève, Noémie; McKenna, Adele; Meijer, Adam; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Mlinarić, Ivan; Latorre-Margalef, Neus; Túri, Gergő; Lazăr, Mihaela; Mazagatos, Clara; Echeverria, Aitziber; Abela, Stephen; Bourgeois, Marc; Machado, Ausenda; Dürrwald, Ralf; Petrović, Goranka; Oroszi, Beatrix; Jancoriene, Ligita; Marin, Alexandru; Husa, Petr; Duffy, Roisin; Dijkstra, Frederika; Gallardo García, Virtudes; Goerlitz, Luise; Enouf, Vincent; Bennett, Charlene; Hooiveld, Mariëtte; Guiomar, Raquel; Trobajo-Sanmartín, Camino; Višekruna Vučina, Vesna; Samuelsson Hagey, Tove; Lameiras Azevedo, Ana Sofía; Castilla, Jesús; Xuereb, Gerd; Delaere, Bénédicte; Gómez, Verónica; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Bacci, Sabrina; Nicolay, Nathalie; Kaczmarek, Marlena; Rose, Angela MC; European IVE groupInfluenza A viruses circulated in Europe from September 2023 to January 2024, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominance. We provide interim 2023/24 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) estimates from two European studies, covering 10 countries across primary care (EU-PC) and hospital (EU-H) settings. Interim IVE was higher against A(H1N1)pdm09 than A(H3N2): EU-PC influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 IVE was 53% (95% CI: 41 to 63) and 30% (95% CI: −3 to 54) against influenza A(H3N2). For EU-H, these were 44% (95% CI: 30 to 55) and 14% (95% CI: −32 to 43), respectively.
- Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Alpha- and Delta-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021Publication . Rose, Angela M.C.; Nicolay, Nathalie; Sandonis Martín, Virginia; Mazagatos, Clara; Petrović, Goranka; Niessen, F Annabel; Machado, Ausenda; Launay, Odile; Denayer, Sarah; Seyler, Lucie; Baruch, Joaquin; Burgui, Cristina; Loghin, Isabela I.; Domegan, Lisa; Vaikutytė, Roberta; Husa, Petr; Panagiotakopoulos, George; Aouali, Nassera; Dürrwald, Ralf; Howard, Jennifer; Pozo, Francisco; Sastre-Palou, Bartolomé; Nonković, Diana; Knol, Mirjam J.; Kislaya, Irina; Luong Nguyen, Liem binh; Bossuyt, Nathalie; Demuyser, Thomas; Džiugytė, Aušra; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Popescu, Corneliu; Duffy, Róisín; Kuliešė, Monika; Součková, Lenka; Michelaki, Stella; Simon, Marc; Reiche, Janine; Otero-Barrós, María Teresa; Lovrić Makarić, Zvjezdana; Bruijning-Verhagen, Patricia C.J.L.; Gómez, Verónica; Lesieur, Zineb; Barbezange, Cyril; Van Nedervelde, Els; Borg, Maria-Louise; Castilla, Jesús; Lazar, Mihaela; O’Donnell, Joan; Jonikaitė, Indrė; Demlová, Regina; Amerali, Marina; Wirtz, Gil; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Valenciano, Marta; Bacci, Sabrina; Kissling, Esther; I-MOVE-COVID-19 Hospital Study Team; VEBIS Hospital Study TeamIntroduction: Two large multicentre European hospital networks have estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 since 2021. Aim: We aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients ≥ 20 years, combining data from these networks during Alpha (March–June)- and Delta (June–December)-dominant periods, 2021. Methods: Forty-six participating hospitals across 14 countries follow a similar generic protocol using the test-negative case–control design. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) as two doses of a two-dose or one of a single-dose vaccine ≥ 14 days before onset. Results: We included 1,087 cases (538 controls) and 1,669 cases (1,442 controls) in the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods, respectively. During the Alpha period, VE against hospitalisation with SARS-CoV2 for complete Comirnaty PSV was 85% (95% CI: 69–92) overall and 75% (95% CI: 42–90) in those aged ≥ 80 years. During the Delta period, among SARI patients ≥ 20 years with symptom onset ≥ 150 days from last PSV dose, VE for complete Comirnaty PSV was 54% (95% CI: 18–74). Among those receiving Comirnaty PSV and mRNA booster (any product) ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose, VE was 91% (95% CI: 57–98). In time-since-vaccination analysis, complete all-product PSV VE was > 90% in those with their last dose < 90 days before onset; ≥ 70% in those 90–179 days before onset. Conclusions: Our results from this EU multi-country hospital setting showed that VE for complete PSV alone was higher in the Alpha- than the Delta-dominant period, and addition of a first booster dose during the latter period increased VE to over 90%.
- Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Omicron-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021 to 2022Publication . Rose, Angela M.C.; Nicolay, Nathalie; Sandonis Martín, Virginia; Mazagatos, Clara; Petrović, Goranka; Baruch, Joaquin; Denayer, Sarah; Seyler, Lucie; Domegan, Lisa; Launay, Odile; Machado, Ausenda; Burgui, Cristina; Vaikutyte, Roberta; Niessen, F Annabel; Loghin, Isabela I.; Husa, Petr; Aouali, Nassera; Panagiotakopoulos, George; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Horváth, Judit Krisztina; Howard, Jennifer; Pozo, Francisco; Gallardo, Virtudes; Nonković, Diana; Džiugytė, Aušra; Bossuyt, Nathalie; Demuyser, Thomas; Duffy, Róisín; Luong Nguyen, Liem binh; Kislaya, Irina; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Gefenaite, Giedre; Knol, Mirjam J.; Popescu, Corneliu; Součková, Lenka; Simon, Marc; Michelaki, Stella; Reiche, Janine; Ferenczi, Annamária; Delgado-Sanz, Concepción; Lovrić Makarić, Zvjezdana; Cauchi, John Paul; Barbezange, Cyril; Van Nedervelde, Els; O’Donnell, Joan; Durier, Christine; Guiomar, Raquel; Castilla, Jesús; Jonikaite, Indrė; Bruijning-Verhagen, Patricia C.J.L.; Lazar, Mihaela; Demlová, Regina; Wirtz, Gil; Amerali, Marina; Dürrwald, Ralf; Kunstár, Mihály Pál; Kissling, Esther; Bacci, Sabrina; Valenciano, Marta; I-MOVE-COVID-19 hospital study team; VEBIS hospital study team; Members of the I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital study teams (in addition to authors above)Introduction: The I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital networks have been measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in participating European countries since early 2021. Aim: We aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in patients ≥ 20 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from December 2021 to July 2022 (Omicron-dominant period). Methods: In both networks, 46 hospitals (13 countries) follow a similar test-negative case-control protocol. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) and first booster dose vaccination as last dose of either vaccine received ≥ 14 days before symptom onset (stratifying first booster into received < 150 and ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose). We measured VE overall, by vaccine category/product, age group and time since first mRNA booster dose, adjusting by site as a fixed effect, and by swab date, age, sex, and presence/absence of at least one commonly collected chronic condition. Results: We included 2,779 cases and 2,362 controls. The VE of all vaccine products combined against hospitalisation for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 43% (95% CI: 29-54) for complete PSV (with last dose received ≥ 150 days before onset), while it was 59% (95% CI: 51-66) after addition of one booster dose. The VE was 85% (95% CI: 78-89), 70% (95% CI: 61-77) and 36% (95% CI: 17-51) for those with onset 14-59 days, 60-119 days and 120-179 days after booster vaccination, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, during the Omicron period, observed VE against SARI hospitalisation improved with first mRNA booster dose, particularly for those having symptom onset < 120 days after first booster dose.
- Vaccine effectiveness against influenza A in older adults and the effect of chronic conditions: results from the I-MOVE and VEBIS multicentre European hospital case-control studies, 2015/16-2023/24Publication . Rose, Angela Mary Catherine; Nicolay, Nathalie; Mazagatos, Clara; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Launay, Odile; De Mot, Laurane; Bella, Antonino; Lazar, Mihaela; Machado, Ausenda; Kuliešė, Monika; Abela, Stephen; Vučina, Vesna Višekruna; van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Rianne; Bino, Silvia; Dürrwald, Ralf; Paradowska-Stankiewicz, Iwona; Horváth, Judit Krisztina; Duffy, Róisín; Husa, Petr; McMenamin, Jim; Pozo, Francisco; Howard, Jennifer; Latorre-Millán, Miriam; Castilla, Jesús; Nguyen, Liem Binh Luong; Dauby, Nicolas; Riccardo, Flavia; Ivanciuc, Alina; Gomez, Verónica; Jančorienė, Ligita; Xuereb, Gerd; Petrović, Goranka; Marbus, Sierk; Vasili, Adela; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Bogusz, Joanna; Oroszi, Beatrix; Domegan, Lisa; Součková, Lenka; Marsh, Kimberley; Bacci, Sabrina; Kissling, Esther; I-MOVE & VEBIS Hospital Network teamsBackground: The Influenza - Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE/I-MOVE+) and Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) hospital networks have conducted seasonal multicentre, test-negative, case-control studies in Europe to measure influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) since 2015/16. We measured the effect of chronic conditions on VE of influenza A subtypes among older adults (≥ 65 years) using pooled-season data (2015/16-2023/24). Methods: Hospital teams swabbed patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) within 7 days of symptom onset. Cases were RT-PCR positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or A(H3N2); controls negative for any influenza virus. We calculated overall pooled-season IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), adjusted for study site, sex, age and onset date; and stratified by number of and by each chronic condition (diabetes, heart disease, lung disease/asthma, immunosuppression, kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, obesity). We investigated interaction between vaccination and each condition. Results: We included 1805 A(H1N1)pdm09 cases with 16,329 controls; 2590 A(H3N2) cases with 14,920 controls, from 13 study sites (12 countries). Over all seasons, 63-67% cases and 70% controls had ≥ 2 chronic conditions. Against A(H1N1)pdm09, pooled-season IVE was 37% (95%CI: 29-44) overall; 49% (95%CI: 9-72), 30% (95%CI: 12-44) and 38% (95%CI: 29-46) in those with 0, 1, ≥ 2 chronic conditions. Most IVE point estimates were 34-45%, apart from immunosuppression (-7%), kidney disease (17%) and liver disease (54%), but 95% CIs overlapped. Significant interaction was observed for kidney disease (p = 0.02) and immunosuppression (p = 0.01). Against A(H3N2), pooled-season IVE was 17% (95%CI: 8-25) overall; 15% (95%CI: -26-42), 11% (95%CI: -8-27) and 18% (95%CI: 7-28) in those with 0, 1, ≥ 2 chronic conditions. Here, IVE point estimates ranged 13-25%, apart from immunosuppression (5%), kidney disease (6%) and liver disease (31%), although 95% CIs overlapped. There were no significant interactions. Conclusions: Pooled-season results suggest low-moderate VE against influenza A subtypes among older SARI patients; higher against A(H1N1)pdm09 than A(H3N2), with little evidence of chronic condition modifying effect, apart from kidney disease and immunosuppression. We stress the importance of developing improved influenza vaccines for specific populations, and encourage further research into the effect of chronic conditions on IVE in older adults.
- Vaccine effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation in adults during the 2022/2023 mixed season of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B circulation, Europe: VEBIS SARI VE hospital networkPublication . Rose, Angela M. C.; Pozo, Francisco; Martínez‐Baz, Iván; Mazagatos, Clara; Bossuyt, Nathalie; Cauchi, John Paul; Petrović, Goranka; Loghin, Isabela I.; Vaikutyte, Roberta; Buda, Silke; Machado, Ausenda; Duffy, Róisín; Oroszi, Beatrix; Howard, Jennifer; Echeverria, Aitziber; Andreu, Cristina; Barbezange, Cyril; Džiugytė, Aušra; Nonković, Diana; Popescu, Corneliu‐Petru; Majauskaite, Fausta; Tolksdorf, Kristin; Gómez, Verónica; Domegan, Lisa; Horváth, Judit Krisztina; Castilla, Jesús; García, Miriam; Demuyser, Thomas; Borg, Maria‐Louise; Tabain, Irena; Lazar, Mihaela; Kubiliute, Ieva; Dürrwald, Ralf; Guiomar, Raquel; O'Donnell, Joan; Kristóf, Katalin; Nicolay, Nathalie; Bacci, Sabrina; Kissling, Esther; VEBIS SARI VE network team; Belgium SARI Surveillance Network (BelsariNet)We conducted a multicentre hospital-based test-negative case–control study to measure vaccine effectiveness (VE) against PCR-confirmed influenza in adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the 2022/2023 influenza season in Europe. Among 5547 SARI patients ≥18 years, 2963 (53%) were vaccinated against influenza. Overall VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 11% (95% CI: −23–36); 20% (95% CI: −4–39) against A(H3N2) and 56% (95% CI: 22–75) against B. During the 2022/2023 season, while VE against hospitalisation with influenza B was >55%, it was ≤20% for influenza A subtypes. While influenza vaccination should be a priority for future seasons, improved vaccines against influenza are needed.