Browsing by Author "Egger, C."
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- Bioaccessibility of aflatoxin M1 in three artificially contaminated infant formula using a standardised static in vitro digestion methodPublication . Tavares, Ana; Egger, C.; Portmann, R.; Martins, Carla; Assunção, Ricardo; Alvito, PaulaMycotoxins are fungal natural contaminants that commonly occur in a great variety of foods, and can form complexes with the food matrix with a significant impact on their bioaccessibility1. To our knowledge, until now no studies were performed to disclose the possible role of milk proteins in the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a mycotoxin commonly found in milk products, and no data are available on the use of a standardized in vitro digestion method2, to study mycotoxins bioaccessibility. This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin M1 in three artificially contaminated infant formula containing different casein/soluble protein ratios (A=40/60, B=60/40, C=80/20). Sample A showed mean bioaccessibility values of 105.6% ± 5.7 (n=8), sample B showed 88.7% ± 3.3 (n=7) and sample C showed 93.9% ± 4.4 (n=7). The bioaccessibility values of sample A were also significantly higher than those of samples B (p= 0.002, Mann-Whitney) and C (p= 0.024, Tukey HSD). The high bioaccessibility values observed agree well with those reported by Kabak and Ozbey (2012), for AFM1 in UHT milk (80.5-83.8% for naturally and 81.7-86.3% for artificially contaminated samples)3. More samples need to be analysed in the future in order to confirm a possible implication of caseins in the bioaccessibility of AFM1.
- MYCOMIX and INFOGEST: a fruitful collaborationPublication . Alvito, Paula; Assunção, Ricardo; Martins, Carla; Tavares, Ana; Egger, C.; Lea, T.; Dupond, D.Mycotoxins are natural contaminants produced by fungi and its common occurrence in food poses a threat to human health, mainly to vulnerable population groups as children. The MycoMix Project (2013-15) aims to study the occurrence of multiple mycotoxins and toxicity interactions in infant foods and cereals consumed by Portuguese children and try to answer several questions: 1) Are children exposed daily to mycotoxins through food? 2) What are the quality and quantity that characterize this exposure? 3) Can this exposure bring harm to children? In an attempt to elucidate the internal mycotoxin dose that will reach the intestinal tract and can produce toxic effects, several bioavailability studies as well as dissemination activities were performed under collaboration between MYCOMIX and INFOGEST. This fruitful cooperation resulted in: i) two STSMs at laboratories of INFOGEST members: Agroscope (Switzerland) and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norway), on models of gastrointestinal digestion (WG2) and effect of food on health (WG3), respectively, ii) 2 publications in peer-reviewed journals and 2 national MSc dissertations using in vitro digestion models, iii) 7 communications in international and national meetings, iv) organization of a WG meeting in Lisbon, v) collaboration in the 1st WG2 technical training session, vi) attendance of 2 PhD students to training school ”Food Digestion and Human Health”, vii) dissemination of the INFOGEST network as well as its standardized in vitro digestion method in national and international meetings promoted by MYCOMIX (http://www.insa.pt/sites/INSA/Portugues/ComInf/Noticias/Paginas/1_SN_PAS.aspx, November 2014; http://www.icfc2015.com/welcome.htm, April 2015) and in one international post-graduation course in Brasil12, and finally, viii) production of 6 videos concerning the in vitro harmonized food digestion method, set up by members of the WG2 of EU-COST Action (www.youtube.com/channel/UCdc-NPx9kTDGyH_kZCgpQWg).