Browsing by Author "Duarte, E."
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- 3rd HBM-PT Workshop on Human BioMonitoring in Portugal - earlyMYCO: assessing the risk associated to early-life exposure to mycotoxins: Book of abstractsPublication . Assunção, Ricardo; Alvito, Paula; Ferreira, M.; Bastos, P.; Nunes, C.; De Boevre, Marthe; Duarte, E.; Nunes, B.; Namorado, S.; Silva, S.; Pires, S.; Martins, C.Livro de resumos do 3rd HBM-PT Workshop on Human BioMonitoring in Portugal sob o tema “Risk Assessment”, abrangendo trabalhos em torno das seguintes temáticas: Exposição a produtos químicos e efeitos na saúde humana; Influência da mudança do ambiente na exposição humana a produtos químicos; Integração de dados de monitorização humana e ambiental; Tradução dos dados de biomonitorização humana em ações regulamentares sobre saúde humana e ambiental. O evento pretende reunir investigadores, representantes de instituições reguladoras e restantes stakeholders, promovendo o debate sobre a aplicação da biomonitorização humana nas políticas de saúde e ambiente, bem como na avaliação de risco para a saúde e possibilitando a apresentação de resultados, na forma de comunicações orais e/ou e-posters. Este workshop é organizado pela National Hub portuguesa em Biomonitorização Humana, constituída no âmbito do programa europeu conjunto HBM4EU - European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (https://www.hbm4eu.eu/), da qual fazem parte a FCT, a Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente, a Direção-Geral da Saúde, o Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, a Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa e a Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa.
- e_COR – Prevalência de factores de risco cardiovascular na população portuguesa – análise região de LisboaPublication . Alves, A.C.; Duarte, E.; Rato, Q.; Bourbon, M.
- Early-life exposure to aflatoxin B1 and associated effects on gut microbiota: preliminary results under earlyMYCO projectPublication . Silva, I.; Duarte, E.; Bastos-Amador, P.; Ferreira, M.; Assunção, R.; Salvador, C.; Caldeira, A.Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produces acute or chronic deleterious health effects in humans and animals. Still, long-term effects derived from initial exposure in early life, a critical period for colonization and development of gut microbiota, has not been fully evaluated. Particularly, aflatoxins could impair gut microbiota and immunity settlement, as they have been proven to cross the placental barrier and can be found in breast milk. We investigated the impact of maternal exposure to AFB1 on early-life microbiota in a mouse model. Females were fed jelly pellets containing 400 µg/kg AFB1 diluted in DMSO (treated animals n=6) or DMSO vehicle alone (control group n=6) during pregnancy and lactation. Faeces from the offspring of both treated and control females were collected immediately after weaning and faecal DNA was extracted and purified. Bacterial taxa diversity and relative abundance were assessed by High-Throughput Sequencing performed in an Illumina Miseq® sequencer, targeting the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined by clustering reads to 16S reference databases. A hundred and twenty-four (N=124) bacterial genera were found in both groups, 5 were only present in AFB1 treated group and 27 exclusively in control groups. A hundred and fifty-one (N=151) bacterial species were common to both groups, 15 species exclusively found in AFB1 litters and 34 species were exclusively found in control litters. To assess abundance and characterize species diversity and evenness, Shannon diversity index was calculated but no significant differences were found between groups. Although present in both groups, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens were significantly higher in controls. A. muciniphila colonizes the intestinal tract in childhood and regulates mucus thickness, intestinal barrier integrity and is involved in immune modulation. B. acidifaciens participates in the metabolism of lipids and sugars and activates some cytokines and immune cell receptors. Sulfidogenic bacteria recently related to inflammatory bowel disease such as Desulfovibrio piger and Bilophila wadsworthia were exclusivly found in the treated litters. Early-life gut microbiome is paramount to trigger the gut immune defences, but is far less stable than the adult microbiome. Moreover, previous work identified aflatoxins intake as a potential health hazard in Portuguese children. These preliminary results open an extensive field to further investigate the association between mycotoxins and microbiome, as the latest is increasingly recognized as a major player in a wide spectrum of diseases.
- Early-life exposure to MYCOtoxins and its impact on health – a case studyPublication . Alvito, P.; Assunção, R.; Bastos-Amador, P.; de Boevre, M.; Duarte, E.; Martins, C.; Serrenho, i.; Silva, I.; Visintin, L.; Ferreira, M.Considering the potential impact on health and the scarce data available regarding early-life exposure to mycotoxins, earlyMYCO project (early-life exposure to MYCOtoxins and its impact on health) proposed to answer key questions: are pregnant women and infants until six months exposed to mycotoxins? Is this exposure a health threat? Does this early-life exposure influence the intestinal immune system development? Which is the burden derived from the exposure to mycotoxins? The earlyMYCO pilot study enrolled 19 pairs of mother and children, with a loss to follow-up ranging between 11% and 47% for different moments of observation. The mycotoxins’ biomarkers detected were AFB1, OTA, DON and bZEL in urine samples (mother and children), and AFB1, aZEL, FB1, FB2 and FB3 in breast milk samples. Food consumption data revealed that foods consumed more frequently during the week were bread, dairy products, non-alcoholic drinks (tea and coffee), animal products (meat and fish) and pasta. Regarding infants, 22% were fed with infant formula and 78% were exclusively breastfed. Considering the exposure levels, a low risk of mothers’ exposure to the main mycotoxins analyzed is expected, since urine samples did not reveal detectable levels of these compounds; however, infants’ urine samples presented a DON mean value of 14.8 ng/mL (corresponding to 148.0 μg/kg bw/day through reverse dosimetry), which could represent a risk for this population group. Notably, maternal exposure to AFB1 promoted an increase of overall T cell population, while it also resulted in a selective reduction of cytokine-producing innate lymphoid cells group 2 (ILC2) population in intestine of the progeny. These alterations were associated with decreased expression of Reg3b and Reg3g by the intestinal mucosa of progeny. Thus, these results indicate that maternal exposure to mycotoxins impacts the development of offspring intestinal immune system. An in vitro approach using intestinal cell lines Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29-MTX models exposed to AFB1 during 24h, confirmed the deleterious effects of AFB1 on intestinal membrane integrity and its effect on mucus layer. To assess the impact of AFB1 on early-life microbiota, faeces from litters of AFB1 treated female mice and controls were assessed by metagenomics. Although the overall diversity (Shannon diversity index) of the microbiome wasn’t affected between groups, the microbiome composition varied between AFB1 and control faecal samples (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index). In particular, some beneficial species were diminished in the litters from AFB1 treated females. Results emphasized the need for assessing the prenatal and lactation exposure to mycotoxins.
- earlyMYCO project - Early-life exposure to mycotoxins: a neglected issue?Publication . Alvito, Paula; Amador, P.; Broeiro, Paula; Caldeira, T; De Boevre, Marthe; De Saeger, Sarah; Duarte, E.; Ferreira, M.; Lamy, Elisabete; Mexia, R.; Namorado, S.; Nunes, B.; Nunes, C.; Pires, S.; Silva, M.J.; Silva, Susana; Vidal, A.; Martins, C.; Assunção, R.Recent studies under MYCOMIX project reported that Portuguese children until 3 years old are exposed to multiple mycotoxins through food consumption, constituting a potential health threat. Aflatoxins (carcinogenic toxins) represented the main risk contributors and deoxynivalenol (a non-carcinogenic toxin associated with immunological and gastrointestinal toxic effects) showed the highest daily intake of the studied mycotoxins. These results opened new research perspectives and emphasized the need to accurately assess the prenatal and lactational exposure to mycotoxins in a critical and vulnerable period of life. Early-life exposure of children occurs during gestation through transfer of toxic substances present in the maternal diet to the fetus and later on, during lactation, through the breast milk. Considering this, the national project earlyMYCO – Early-life exposure to MYCOtoxins and its impact on health aims at assessing the risk of early-life exposure to mycotoxins. earlyMYCO proposes to answer several key questions including what extent are pregnant women and infants until six months exposed to mycotoxins in Portugal? Is this exposure a health threat? With this purpose, earlyMYCO gathered a multidisciplinar team with expertise on medical sciences, public health and toxicology to perform i) an epidemiological study, including the recruitment of pregnant women and infants, food survey and biological sample collection and ii) mycotoxin exposure assessment in pregnant women and infants using biomarkers of exposure. The epidemiological study was approved by INSA’s Ethical Committee and will be conducted in the Primary Health Care of Central Lisboa. The biomonitoring study will use advanced analytical methodologies and will provide data to perform the exposure assessment. Due to the increasing prevalence in food commodities, mycotoxins appear to be important, but often neglected contaminants in terms of health impact on human population especially in vulnerable groups as children. It is expected that results obtained within earlyMYCO will contribute to understand the impact of mycotoxin early-life exposure.
- earlyMYCO: assessing the risk associated to early-life exposure to mycotoxinsPublication . Assunção, Ricardo; Alvito, Paula; Ferreira, M.; Bastos, P.; Nunes, C.; De Boevre, Marthe; Duarte, E.; Nunes, B.; Namorado, S.; Silva, S.; Pires, S.; Martins, CarlaA number of health disorders has been associated to exposure to hazardous chemicals during the first 1000 days of life. Therefore, a proper risk assessment built on accurate data assumes particular im-portance to evaluate the potential impact that early-life exposure could represent in adulthood. Mycotox-ins are secondary fungal metabolites that might cause harmful effects in humans and animals. Recent studies showed that Portuguese young children are exposed to multiple mycotoxins through food con-sumption which could constitute a health concern. However, earlier exposure to these compounds re-mains unexplored. earlyMYCO – Early-life exposure to MYCOtoxins and its impact on health, a national funded project, intends to contribute to clarify this issue evaluating the health effects of early-life exposure of Portuguese mother-and-child pairs to mycotoxins and assessing the associated risk. The Estimated Daily Intake, using human biomonitoring data, will be compared with reference dose values. For those mycotoxins representing a health concern, an estimate of the associated probable health-impact will be performed by calculating the associated burden in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Preliminary results of exposure to mycotoxins through food consumption (cereal-based foods) in young children (≤ 3 years old) revealed a potential adverse health effect for percentiles of intake of aflatoxins above or equal to P50 (corresponding to 0.041 ng/kg body weight/day or higher). Our results will contribute to reach an accurate risk assessment framework and to establish and prioritize preventive measures to reduce exposure to chemicals, especially for vulnerable population groups as pregnant women and infants.