Browsing by Author "Conroy, J.M."
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- Gene-ontology enrichment analysis in two independent family-based samples highlights biologically plausible processes for autism spectrum disordersPublication . Anney, R.J.; Kenny, E.M.; O'Dushlaine, C.; Parkhomenka, E.; Buxbaum, J.D.; Sutcliffe, J.; Gill, M.; Gallagher, L.; Bailey, A.J.; Fernandez, B.A.; Szatmari, P.; Nurnberger Jr, J.I.; McDougle, C.J.; Posey, D.J.; Lord, C.; Corsello, C.; Hus, V.; Buxbaum, J.D.; Kolevzon, A.; Soorya, L.; Parkhomenko, E.; Scherer, S.W.; Leventhal, B.L.; Dawson, G.; Vieland, V.J.; Hakonarson, H.; Glessner, J.T.; Kim, C.; Wang, K.; Schellenberg, G.D.; Devlin, B.; Klei, L.; Patterson, A.; Minshew, N.; Sutcliffe, J.S.; Haines, J.L.; Lund, S.C.; Thomson, S.; Yaspan, B.L.; Coon, H.; Miller, J.; McMahon, W.M.; Munson, J.; Marshall, C.R.; Estes, A.; Wijsman, EM.; The Autism Genome Project; Pinto, D.; Vincent, J.B.; Fombonne, E.; Betancur, C.; Delorme, R.; Leboyer, M.; Bourgeron, T.; Mantoulan, C.; Roge, B.; Tauber, M.; Freitag, C.M.; Poustka, F.; Duketis, E.; Klauck, S.M.; Poustka, A.; Papanikolaou, K.; Tsiantis, J.; Gallagher, L.; Gill, M.; Anney, R.; Bolshakova, N.; Brennan, S.; Hughes, G.; McGrath, J.; Merikangas, A.; Ennis, S.; Green, A.; Casey, J.P.; Conroy, J.M.; Regan, R.; Shah, N.; Maestrini, E.; Bacchelli, E.; Minopoli, F.; Stoppioni, V.; Battaglia, A.; Igliozzi, R.; Parrini, B.; Tancredi, R.; Oliveira, G.; Almeida, J.; Duque, F.; Vicente, A.M.; Correia, C.; Magalhaes, T.R.; Gillberg, C.; Nygren, G.; Jonge, M.D.; Van Engeland, H.; Vorstman, J.A.; Wittemeyer, K.; Baird, G.; Bolton, P.F; Rutter, M.L.; Green, J.; Lamb, J.A.; Pickles, A.; Parr, J.R.; Couteur, A.L.; Berney, T.; McConachie, H.; Wallace, S.; Coutanche, M.; Foley, S.; White, K.; Monaco, A.P.; Holt, R.; Farrar, P.; Pagnamenta, A.T.; Mirza, G.K.; Ragoussis, J.; Sousa, I.; Sykes, N.; Wing, K.; Hallmayer, J.; Cantor, R.M.; Nelson, S.F.; Geschwind, D.H.; Abrahams, B.S.; Volkmar, F.; Pericak-Vance, M.A.; Cuccaro, M.L.; Gilbert, J.; Cook, E.H.; Guter, S.J.; Jacob, S.Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated a range of genes from discrete biological pathways in the aetiology of autism. However, despite the strong influence of genetic factors, association studies have yet to identify statistically robust, replicated major effect genes or SNPs. We apply the principle of the SNP ratio test methodology described by O'Dushlaine et al to over 2100 families from the Autism Genome Project (AGP). Using a two-stage design we examine association enrichment in 5955 unique gene-ontology classifications across four groupings based on two phenotypic and two ancestral classifications. Based on estimates from simulation we identify excess of association enrichment across all analyses. We observe enrichment in association for sets of genes involved in diverse biological processes, including pyruvate metabolism, transcription factor activation, cell-signalling and cell-cycle regulation. Both genes and processes that show enrichment have previously been examined in autistic disorders and offer biologically plausibility to these findings.
- A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorderPublication . Casey, J.P.; Magalhaes, T.; Conroy, J.M.; Regan, R.; Shah, N.; Anney, R.; Shields, D.C.; Abrahams, B.S.; Almeida, J.; Bacchelli, E.; Bailey, A.J.; Piven, J.; Posey, D.J.; Poustka, A.; Poustka, F.; Ragoussis, J.; Roge, B.; Rutter, M.L.; Sequeira, A.F.; Soorya, L.; Sousa, I.; Wittemeyer, K.; Sykes, N.; Stoppioni, V.; Tancredi, R.; Tauber, M.; Thompson, A.P.; Thomson, S.; Tsiantis, J.; Van Engeland, H.; Vincent, J.B.; Volkmar, F.; Yaspan, B.L.; Vorstman, J.A.; Wallace, S.; Wang, K.; Wassink, T.H.; White, K.; Wing, K.; Zwaigenbaum, L.; Betancur, C.; Buxbaum, J.D.; Cantor, R.M.; Cook, E.H.; Coon, H.; Cuccaro, M.L.; Geschwind, D.H.; Baird, G.; Haines, J.L.; Hallmayer, J.; Monaco, A.P.; Nurnberger, J.I. Jr; Pericak-Vance, M.A.; Schellenberg, G.D.; Scherer, S.W.; Sutcliffe, J.S.; Szatmari, P.; Vieland, V.J.; Battaglia, A.; Wijsman, E.M.; Green, A.; Gill, M.; Gallagher, L.; Vicente, A.M.; Ennis, S.; Berney, T.; Bolshakova, N.; Bolton, P.F.; Bourgeron, T.; Brennan, S.; Cali, P.; Correia, C.; Corsello, C.; Coutanche, M.; Dawson, G.; de Jonge, M.; Delorme, R.; Duketis, E.; Duque, F.; Estes, A.; Farrar, P.; Fernandez, B.A.; Folstein, S.E.; Foley, S.; Fombonne, E.; Freitag, C.M.; Gilbert, J.; Gillberg, C.; Glessner, J.T.; Green, J.; Guter, S.J.; Hakonarson, H.; Holt, R.; Hughes, G.; Hus, V.; Igliozzi, R.; Kim, C.; Klauck, S.M.; Kolevzon, A.; Lamb, J.A.; Leboyer, M.; Le Couteur, A.; Leventhal, B.L.; Lord, C.; Lund, S.C.; Maestrini, E.; Mantoulan, C.; Marshall, C.R.; McConachie, H.; McDougle, C.J.; McGrath, J.; McMahon, W.M.; Merikangas, A.; Miller, J.; Minopoli, F.; Mirza, G.K.; Munson, J.; Nelson, S.F.; Nygren, G.; Oliveira, G.; Pagnamenta, A.T.; Papanikolaou, K.; Parr, J.R.; Parrini, B.; Pickles, A.; Pinto, D.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data.