Percorrer por autor "Ali, Mohammad"
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- Characteristics and incidence trends of adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal, pre-pandemicPublication . Carneiro, Joana; Teixeira, Rita; Leite, Andreia; Lahuerta, Maria; Catusse, Julie; Ali, Mohammad; Lopes, SílviaCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of hospitalization that leads to substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs. Evaluating CAP trends over time is important to understand patterns and the impact of public health interventions. This study aims to describe the characteristics and trends in the incidence of adults hospitalized with CAP in Portugal between 2010 and 2018. In this study, we included hospitalization data, prevalence of comorbidities, and population data. CAP hospitalizations of adults (≥18y) living in mainland Portugal discharged from public hospitals were identified using ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM codes. Based on previous CAP studies, we selected nine relevant comorbidities. We described the frequency and incidence of CAP hospitalizations per sex, age group, comorbidity, and year of discharge. Trends were explored using Joinpoint regression. We observed 470,545 CAP hospitalizations falling into the 2010-18 period. The majority were males (54.8%) and aged ≥75 years (65.3%). Most often recorded comorbidities were congestive heart failure (26.4%), diabetes (25.5%), and chronic pulmonary disease (19.2%). The Joinpoint regression identified a gradual decline in the incidence rates of CAP hospitalizations for both sexes and all age groups. Of the nine comorbidities selected, seven showed a progressive increase in incidence rates followed by a subsequent decline (all except HIV/AIDS and chronic renal disease). Our findings offer valuable insights for selecting priority groups for public health interventions and design strategies to mitigate the burden of CAP.
- Risk of stroke or myocardial infarction hospitalisation following hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal: a self-controlled case series studyPublication . Carneiro, Joana; Leite, Andreia; Lahuerta, Maria; Catusse, Julie; Ali, Mohammad; Teixeira, Rita; Lopes, SílviaObjectives: We aimed to assess the risk of cardiovascular hospitalisations (stroke or myocardial infarction (MI)) following a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) hospitalisation in a large Portuguese administrative dataset. Design: Self-controlled case series study. Setting: We used hospitalisation data from National Health Service hospitals across Portugal between 2010 and 2018. Participants: Adults hospitalised for both CAP and stroke/MI in Portugal during the 2010-2018 period (n=13 494, of which 10 400 with stroke and 3094 with MI). Primary and secondary outcome measures: We considered CAP hospitalisation as the exposure (14-, 28- and 91-day exposure periods) and acute cardiovascular (stroke or MI) hospitalisations as the outcome. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed using a conditional Poisson regression (overall and by sex and age subgroups). Results: Patients were mostly male and above 75 years. Stroke/MI hospitalisation incidence was higher following CAP, compared with the baseline period. Largest differences were observed in the 14-day period after discharge (IRR for stroke: 2.55, 95% CI: 2.33-2.80; IRR for MI: 3.23, 2.78-3.75), compared with the 28-day (IRR for stroke: 2.06, 1.92-2.22; IRR for MI: 2.62, 2.32-2.95) and 91-day periods (IRR for stroke: 1.37, 1.30-1.44; IRR for MI: 1.75, 1.60-1.91). A similar trend was observed for sex and age subgroups. Conclusions: Our study shows an increased risk of stroke/MI for CAP patients, particularly during the first 2 weeks after being discharged. Effective postdischarge monitoring and follow-up, combined with efforts to prevent CAP occurrence, could improve patient outcomes.
- Trends in community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisations and associated cardiovascular risk in Portugal, 2010-2018Publication . Carneiro, Joana; Teixeira, Rita; Leite, Andreia; Lahuerta, Maria; Catusse, Julie; Ali, Mohammad; Lopes, SílviaCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of hospitalisation, with substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs. We aimed to better understand CAP hospitalisations in Portugal, in terms of their trends and risk of subsequent acute cardiovascular events. We used data on hospitalisations, comorbidities prevalence, and population. CAP hospitalisations (CAP-H) of adults (≥18y) living in mainland Portugal discharged from a public hospital in 2010-18 were identified using ICD-9/10-CM codes. In a retrospective cohort analysis, we described the frequency and incidence of CAP-H per gender, age group, comorbidity, and year of discharge. Trends in incidence were explored using joinpoint regression. For a selected subgroup with CAP-H and cardiovascular hospitalization, we then conducted a self-controlled case series (SCSS), using CAP-H as exposure (14, 28 and 91-days exposure periods) and acute cardiovascular (stroke or myocardial infarction – MI) hospitalisations as the outcome. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed using a conditional Poisson regression. We studied 469,944 CAP-H (66% aged ≥75 years; 55% male). Frequently recorded comorbidities were congestive heart failure, diabetes, and chronic pulmonary disease (19% or more). The incidence of CAP-H ranged between 7.1in 2012 and 5.6 in 2018. We identified a gradual decline in the incidence rates of CAP-H for both genders and all age groups (annual percent change: -1.50 or more). CAP-H decreased over time for patients with diabetes and AIDS/HIV, while increased for chronic renal disease patients. For the remaining 6 comorbidities, an upward trend was followed by a decreasing trend. In SCSS, a sample of 13 494 patients (stroke: 77%, MI: 23%), mostly male (stroke: 52%, MI: 55%) and 75 years or older (stroke: 78%, MI: 70%) was analyzed. Stroke/MI hospitalisation incidence was higher following CAP-H, compared to the baseline period. Increased incidence was observed especially in the 14 days after discharge (IRR for stroke: 2.55; IRR for MI: 3.23), compared to the 28-days (stroke: 2.06; MI: 2.62), and 91-days periods (stroke: 1.37; MI: 1.75) (p<0.05). Our findings show a decline in the incidence of CAP-H and an increased risk of cardiovascular events after a CAP-H episode. These results highlight the need for clinicians and the health system to undertake continued and coordinated efforts, to reduce CAP-H and when it cannot be avoided, to address possible cardiovascular risks.