Percorrer por autor "Albuquerque, Teresa"
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- Animal-to-human transmission of Mycobacterium pinnipediiPublication . Macedo, Rita; Isidro, Joana; Gomes, Maria Conceição; Botelho, Ana; Albuquerque, Teresa; Sogorb, Arlete; Bernardino, Rui; Fernandes, Teresa Lobo; Mourato, Teresa; Durval, Mário; Gomes, João PauloExtract: Mycobacterium pinnipedii, the known causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in marine mammals, was only recognised as a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in 2003 [1] and is believed to cause TB in several species, including nonmarine mammals [2, 3] and even humans [4]. The assumption of zoonotic transmission has been strongly reinforced by a disruptive study published in 2014 by a team of archaeologists from Tübingen, Germany [5]. Based on archaeological and genomic investigations on millennial human skeletons, the authors implicated sea mammals infected with M. pinnipedii as a source of New World human TB. Considering that this phenomenon pre-dates the human migrations to South America by several centuries, they refuted the previous scientific hypothesis of TB driven by human contact [6].
- Antimicrobial susceptibility and oxymino-β-lactam resistance mechanisms in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from different animal sourcesPublication . Clemente, Lurdes; Manageiro, Vera; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Correia, Ivone; Themudo, Patricia; Albuquerque, Teresa; Geraldes, Margarida; Matos, Filipa; Almendra, Cláudia; Ferreira, Eugénia; Caniça, ManuelaThe impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (PMAβs) of animal origin has been a public health concern. In this study, 562 Salmonella enterica and 598 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from different animal species and food products were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Detection of ESBL-, PMAβ-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-encoding genes and integrons was performed in isolates showing non-wild-type phenotypes. Susceptibility profiles of Salmonella spp. isolates differed according to serotype and origin of the isolates. The occurrence of cefotaxime non-wild-type isolates was higher in pets than in other groups. In nine Salmonella isolates, blaCTX-M (n = 4), blaSHV-12 (n = 1), blaTEM-1 (n = 2) and blaCMY-2 (n = 2) were identified. No PMQR-encoding genes were found. In 47 E. coli isolates, blaCTX-M (n = 15), blaSHV-12 (n = 2), blaCMY-2 (n = 6), blaTEM-type (n = 28) and PMQR-encoding genes qnrB (n = 2), qnrS (n = 1) and aac(6')-Ib-cr (n = 6) were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the presence of blaCMY-2 (n = 2) and blaSHV-12 (n = 1) genes among S. enterica from broilers in Portugal. This study highlights the fact that animals may act as important reservoirs of isolates carrying ESBL-, PMAβ- and PMQR-encoding genes that might be transferred to humans through direct contact or via the food chain.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing, companion and wild animals, in Portugal – Characterization of isolates with reduced susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins and cephamycinsPublication . Clemente, Lurdes; Manageiro, Vera; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Ferreira, Eugénia; Correia, Ivone; Albuquerque, Teresa; Geraldes, Margarida; Matos, Filipa; Almendra, Claúdia; Themudo, Patrícia; Caniça, ManuelaEscherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but is also a causative agent of diarrhea and extraintestinal infections. There is ongoing concern about the risks posed to human health by antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated from animals. This study was conducted on 602 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing (n=217), companion (n=114) and wild animals (n=271), over the period of 2009-2013, to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility to a panel of ten antimicrobials (ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycine, gentamicine and tetracycline), through the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), using the agar dilution technique. Susceptibility to cefoxitin was determined through disk diffusion method. Molecular characterization of isolates showing a non-wild type MIC to cefotaxime was performed, to determine extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), plasmid mediated AmpC (PMAβ), plasmid mediated quinolone (PMQR) resistance determinants and mobile genetic elements involved in the dissemination of resistance genes. Overall, isolates recovered from food producing animals showed higher frequencies of resistance towards all antimicrobials tested and multidrug resistance (MDR) (53%), followed by companion (43%) and wild animals (30%). Fifty isolates presented a non-wild phenotype to cefotaxime and resistance or intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin, being 14 (12.3%) from pets, 19 (8.8%) from food producing animals and 17 (6.3%) from wild animals. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the amplicons confirmed the presence of blaCTX-M-type (n=14), blaSHV-type (n=2), blaTEM-type (n=31), blaOXA-type (n=6) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (PMAβ) genes (n=8). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance-encoding genes were detected in ten isolates: aac(6')-Ib-cr (n=6) qnrB17 (n=1), qnrS1(n=1) and qnrB19 (n=2). Twenty five isolates carried class 1 integrons and two carried class 2 integrons. This study agrees that animals may act as important reservoirs of E. coli isolates carrying ESBL and PMAβ-encoding genes, which might be transmissible to humans through direct contact or the food chain and, a potential source for human pathogens to acquire these resistance genes.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from food-producing animals, animal feed and food products of animal origin, in Portugal - Genetic analysis of isolates with reduced susceptibility/resistance to third generation cephalosporins and cephamycinsPublication . Clemente, Lurdes; Manageiro, Vera; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Ferreira, Eugénia; Correia, Ivone; Themudo, Patrícia; Albuquerque, Teresa; Caniça, ManuelaSalmonella is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen and one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illnesses in humans. An epidemiologic study was conducted on 1600 Salmonella spp isolates recovered from poultry, swine, other animal species, animal feed and food products of animal origin, over the period of 2009-2013, to determine their serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility to a panel of ten antimicrobials (ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycine, gentamicine and tetracycline), through the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), using the agar dilution technique. Molecular characterization of isolates showing a non-wild type MIC to cefotaxime was performed, to determine extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), plasmid mediated AmpC (PMAβ), plasmid mediated quinolone (PMQR) resistance determinants and mobile genetic elements involved in the dissemination of resistance genes. In live poultry (breeders, broilers, layers) of the 843 isolates recovered, 27.9% comprised S. Enteritidis, 23,5% Salmonella Havana and 14.1% Salmonella Mbandaka; in turkeys, Salmonella Derby was the most common serovar isolated (44%), followed by Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (16%). In swine, of 101 isolates 21.8% comprised Salmonella Rissen and Salmonella Typhimurium, 10.9% Salmonella Derby and Salmonella London. In other animal species, Salmonella Typhimurium was the prevalent serovar with 65.6% of the isolates, followed by Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (9.8%). Overall, S. 4,[5],12:i:- was the most common serotype recovered from food products (25.8%), followed by S. Typhimurium (19.2%) and Salmonella Rissen (18.4%). S. Enteritidis was the most frequent serotype in poultry products (36.3%). Susceptibility profiles differed according with the serotype and the origin of the isolates. A higher frequency of multidrug resistant isolates was recovered from food of swine and bovine origin, with 62.6% and 59.4%, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the amplicons confirmed the presence of blaCTX-M-type (n=8), blaSHV-type (n=2), blaTEM-type (n=2) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (PMAβ) genes (n=2). No plasmid mediated quinolone resistance-encoding genes were detected. Six isolates( three S. I 4,[5],12:i:-, two S. Havana and one S. Enteritidis) carried class 1 integrons and one S. I 4,[5],12:i:- isolate harboured a class 2 integron. In conclusion, the growing concern of the emergence of bacterial strains bearing ESBL in food-producing animals highlights the importance of continuous monitoring.
- CTX-M-15-Producing Escherichia coli in Dolphin, PortugalPublication . Manageiro, Vera; Clemente, Lurdes; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Albuquerque, Teresa; Ferreira, Eugénia; Caniça, ManuelaEscherichia coli among humans and its detection in livestock, companion animals, and wildlife is a major cause for concern. Hence, it is imperative to identify and explore its dissemination traits. If CTX-M-15–producing E. coli continues to spread among different environments, therapeutic options in veterinary and human medicine will be greatly narrowed. E. coli is one of the gram-negative bacteria most frequently isolated from bottlenose dolphins. However, few studies about antimicrobial drug–resistant bacteria in dolphins have been published. We explored dissemination linkages between CTX-M-15–producing E. coli isolated from a marine dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and clinical isolates collected during the same period from humans all over Portugal. (...)
- Diversity of β-lactamase-encoding genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing, companion and zoo animals in PortugalPublication . Clemente, Lurdes; Correia, Ivone; Albuquerque, Teresa; Geraldes, Margarida; Matos, Filipa; Themudo, Patrícia; Manageiro, Vera; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Ferreira, Eugénia; Caniça, ManuelaA rapid development of plasmid-mediated resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has been observed in Enterobacteriaceae worldwide, predominantly due to the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases (PMAB). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extension of ESBL- and PMAB-producing E. coli strains isolated from different animal origins in Portugal. For surveillance purposes, 376 E. coli isolates identified at National Laboratory of Veterinary Research (2009-2011) were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 123, 51 and 202 were isolated from food-producing, companion and zoo animals, respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of 11 antimicrobials for all isolates was determined through agar dilution method. Susceptibility towards cefoxitina was determined through disk diffusion method. Breakpoints were interpreted accordingly to EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values. ‘Non-wild type’ (NWT) isolates for cefotaxime (MIC>0.25mg/L) and/or cefoxitina (<19mm) were screened for the presence of ESBL (blaTEM, blaOXA, blaSHV, blaCTX) and PMAB encoding genes, using PCR method. Sequencing was applied to fully identify beta-lactamases. Seventeen isolates (4.5%) were ‘NWT’ strains for cefotaxime, being 5 (29.4%) from companion animals, 4 (23.5%) from food-producing animals and 8 (47.1%) from zoo animals. We identified blaCTX-M-14 (n=1) in a dog and blaCTX-M-15-type genes (n=9) in 6 zoo animals and 3 in food-producing animals. We also identified blaCMY-type genes (n=3) in ‘NWT’ isolates for cefoxitin, one from each animal category. Other beta-lactamase encoding genes were identified: blaOXA in 5 strains (29.4%) isolated from dolphins, blaTEM in 7 strains (41.2%) isolated from 3 companion animals, 2 food-producing and 2 zoo animals, and blaSHV identified in one isolate (5.9%) from a zoo animal; 13 beta-lactamase-producing isolates (76.5%) were multidrug resistant. Among ‘NWT’ E. coli isolates for cefotaxime, we identified an important diversity of ESBL encoding genes, belonging to different families, being blaCTX-M-15-type gene the predominant. The spread of ESBL-producing bacteria among species from different origins, such as food-producing, companion and zoo animals, is a concern at public health level. Thus, it should be a priority to monitor and identify the reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance, contributing to a single health for all.
- Draft Genomic Analysis of an Avian Multidrug Resistant Morganella morganii Isolate Carrying qnrD1Publication . Jones-Dias, Daniela; Clemente, Lurdes; Moura, Inês B; Sampaio, Daniel A; Albuquerque, Teresa; Vieira, Luís; Manageiro, Vera; Caniça, ManuelaMorganella morganii is a commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen often present in the gut of humans and animals. We report the 4.3 Mbp draft genome sequence of a M. morganii isolated in association with an Escherichia coli from broilers in Portugal that showed macroscopic lesions consistent with colisepticemia. The analysis of the genome matched the multidrug resistance phenotype and enabled the identification of several clinically important and potentially mobile acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrD1. Mobile genetic elements, prophages, and pathogenicity factors were also detected, improving our understanding toward this human and animal opportunistic pathogen.
- Epidemiology and zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15-producing isolates in PortugalPublication . Caniça, Manuela; Clemente, Lurdes; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Manageiro, Vera; Themudo, Patrícia; Albuquerque, Teresa; Francisco, Ana Patrícia; Louro, Deolinda; Ferreira, EugéniaBackground: The recent spread of plasmid-located CTX-M-ESBL-encoding genes is a serious threat to the clinical efficacy of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. This study proposes to identify the epidemiology of plasmid-mediated CTX-M-encoding genes between an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a dolphin and several E. coli strains of human origin and, explain the responsible mechanism and reservoirs of current spread of CTX-M-type enzymes. Molecular typing of these strains establishes the linkage of dissemination between human and animal isolates. Methods: Sixty two ESBL-positive E. coli strains isolated from different clinical specimens in seven hospitals (2004 to 2009), from four different geographic regions, were screened for the presence of CTX-M encoding genes. An E. coli isolated from a respiratory exsudate in a dolphin in 2009, at the National Laboratory of Veterinary Research (LNIV) and characterized as CTX-M-producer, was also included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by broth-microdilution method. PCR and sequencing were used to screen and identify bla genes. Genetic relatedness among all isolates was examined by PFGE using XbaI enzyme. MLST was performed among the clinical epidemic human isolates clustering together and the isolate from the dolphin, according to the MLST database. Results: Forty eight human clinical isolates (77%) were CTX-M producers. Susceptibility towards beta-lactams confirmed all isolates as ESBL producers and also suggesting CTX-M enzymes expression. We detected blaCTX-M-15 (n=34), blaCTX-M-1 (n=4), blaCTX-M-3 (n=3), blaCTX-M-32 (n=3), blaCTX-M-14 (n=4), blaTEM-1 (n=39), and blaSHV-12 (n=8) genes; the dolphin isolate presented the blaCTX-M-15 gene. Genetic relatedness analysis by PFGE revealed one major cluster corresponding to a single epidemic clone A, which included 22 (35%) of all human isolates and the dolphin isolate, which clustered together with this clone A and, exhibited the same combination of MLST alleles across the seven sequenced loci, corresponding to the ST131. Twenty-one clinical isolates corresponding to the CTX-M-15-positive clone A were multidrug-resistant (95%), as well as the dolphin isolate. Conclusions: This study illustrated that genetic relatedness between human and animal E. coli CTX-M-15-producing clone strengthens its zoonotic potential. It may also explain the current spread of CTX-M-type enzymes worldwide among species from different origins and highlights the importance to identify antimicrobial resistance reservoirs, contributing to a single health for all.
- New insights into resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins of Escherichia coli in poultry, Portugal: Novel blaCTX-M-166 and blaESAC genesPublication . Manageiro, Vera; Clemente, Lurdes; Graça, Rafael; Correia, Ivone; Albuquerque, Teresa; Ferreira, Eugénia; Caniça, ManuelaThe increasing incidence of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative organisms that has been observed in food animals such as poultry, cattle and pigs, are suggestive that animals, food and environment are potential sources of ESBL-producing bacteria. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterized commensal E. coli obtained from healthy broiler and turkey flocks at slaughter for the presence of penicillinases-, ESBL-, extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC)-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance- and MCR-encoding genes. Study of clonal relatedness showed genetic diversity among CTX-M-type, SHV-12 and TEM-52 producing isolates with human isolates of the same type, was also assessed. We detected that eleven (5.4%, 11/202) and forty-five (2.2%, 45/185) E. coli isolates from broilers and turkeys, respectively, carried blaESBLor blaESACgenes and two isolates from turkeys carried mcr-1 gene. A new variant blaCTX-M-166was reported in a multidrug resistant isolate from a broiler flock. Overall, we detected a diversity of resistance mechanisms among E. coli from food-producing animals, all of them with high importance at a public health level.
- Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Salmonella enterica strains isolated from broilers and food of animal origin in PortugalPublication . Clemente, Lurdes; Correia, Ivone; Themudo, Patrícia; Albuquerque, Teresa; Manageiro, Vera; Jones-Dias, Daniela; Ferreira, Eugénia; Caniça, ManuelaSalmonella enterica is a zoonotic bacteria transmitted through the food chain and isolates harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged worldwide during the last decade, with the CTX-M group being particularly important. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica strains isolated from broilers and food of animal origin and to characterize ESBLs producers. On the scope of the national antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme on Salmonella, a total of 283 strains isolated from broilers (n=100) and food of animal origin (n=183), were received at the National Laboratory of Veterinary Research in 2011. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 11 antimicrobials (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim) for all isolates was determined by agar dilution method. Susceptibility towards cefoxitin was determined through disk diffusion method. Breakpoints were interpreted accordingly to EUCAST epidemiological cut-off values. ‘Non-wild type’ (‘NWT’) isolates for cefotaxime (MIC>0.5mg/L) and cefoxitin (<19mm) were screened for the presence of ESBL- (blaTEM, blaOXA, blaSHV, blaCTX) and PMA_-encoding genes, using PCR method. Sequencing was applied to fully identify beta-lactamases. Among broilers, we identified 62% of ‘NWT’ isolates for ciprofloxacin, 57% for nalidixic acid and 28% for sulphamethoxazole, whereas in isolates from food of animal origin, 71%, 63% and 56% were ‘NWT’ isolates for tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and ampicillin, respectively. Among all, 5/283 (1.8%) strains presented ‘NWT’ MICs for cefotaxime and were multidrug resistant: 2 Salmonella Havana isolated from broilers and 3 Salmonella S. 4,[5],12:i:- isolated from food of animal origin (swine); these isolates had one blaCTX-M-type gene, and 2 from food of animal origin presented 1 blaTEM-type gene and 1 blaSHV-type gene, respectively; they were ‘wild type’ for cefoxitin and no PMAB-encoding gene was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first time in Portugal that ESBL-encoding genes, particularly from blaCTXM family, were detected in isolates of Salmonella Havana, a very common serotype isolated from our broiler population. It should also be emphasised that third generation cephalosporins are not allowed in the national poultry production, contrary to the large animal production, which may explain the detection of ESBL-encoding genes in our strains from swine origin. Horizontal gene transfer may be responsible for the coresistance of strains to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. This study shows that national animal health monitoring systems play an important role and should be improved in an international level.