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Microbes in Beach Sands: Integrating Environment, Ecology and Public Health

2014-05-08Journal article Unknown
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dc.contributor.authorWhitman, Richard
dc.contributor.authorHarwood, Valerie
dc.contributor.authorEdge, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorNevers, Meredith
dc.contributor.authorByappanahalli, Muruleedhara
dc.contributor.authorVijayavel, Kannappan
dc.contributor.authorBrandão, João
dc.contributor.authorSadowsky, Michael
dc.contributor.authorWheeler Alm, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorCrowe, Allan
dc.contributor.authorFerguson, Donna
dc.contributor.authorGe, Zhongfu
dc.contributor.authorHalliday, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorKinzelman, Julie
dc.contributor.authorKleinheinz, Greg
dc.contributor.authorPrzybyla-Kelly, Kasia
dc.contributor.authorStaley, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorStaley, Zachery
dc.contributor.authorSolo-Gabriele, Helena
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-23T16:52:30Z
dc.date.available2014-07-23T16:52:30Z
dc.date.issued2014-05-08
dc.description.abstractBeach sand is a habitat that supports many microbes, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa (micropsammon). The apparently inhospitable conditions of beach sand environments belie the thriving communities found there. Physical factors, such as water availability and protection from insolation; biological factors, such as competition, predation, and biofilm formation; and nutrient availability all contribute to the characteristics of the micropsammon. Sand microbial communities include autochthonous species/phylotypes indigenous to the environment. Allochthonous microbes, including fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and waterborne pathogens, are deposited via waves, runoff, air, or animals. The fate of these microbes ranges from death, to transient persistence and/or replication, to establishment of thriving populations (naturalization) and integration in the autochthonous community. Transport of the micropsammon within the habitat occurs both horizontally across the beach, and vertically from the sand surface and ground water table, as well as at various scales including interstitial flow within sand pores, sediment transport for particle-associated microbes, and the large-scale processes of wave action and terrestrial runoff. The concept of beach sand as a microbial habitat and reservoir of FIB and pathogens has begun to influence our thinking about human health effects associated with sand exposure and recreational water use. A variety of pathogens have been reported from beach sands, and recent epidemiology studies have found some evidence of health risks associated with sand exposure. Persistent or replicating populations of FIB and enteric pathogens have consequences for watershed/beach management strategies and regulatory standards for safe beaches. This review summarizes our understanding of the community structure, ecology, fate, transport, and public health implications of microbes in beach sand. It concludes with recommendations for future work in this vastly under-studied area.por
dc.identifier.citationRev Environ Sci Biotechnol. doi: 10.1007/s11157-014-9340-8. Epub 2014 may 8por
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11157-014-9340-8
dc.identifier.issn1569-1705
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2333
dc.language.isoengpor
dc.peerreviewedyespor
dc.publisherSpringer Verlagpor
dc.relation.publisherversionhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11157-014-9340-8por
dc.subjectBeach Sandpor
dc.subjectFecal Indicator Bacteriapor
dc.subjectPsammonpor
dc.subjectPathogenspor
dc.subjectFatepor
dc.subjectWater Qualitypor
dc.titleMicrobes in Beach Sands: Integrating Environment, Ecology and Public Healthpor
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleReviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technologypor
rcaap.rightsembargoedAccesspor
rcaap.typearticlepor

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