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Associations of ambient exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene with daily mortality: a multicountry time-series study in 757 global locations

2025-09-16Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorZhou, Lu
dc.contributor.authorXiong, Ying
dc.contributor.authorSera, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorVicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria
dc.contributor.authorAbrutzky, Rosana
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Yuming
dc.contributor.authorTong, Shilu
dc.contributor.authorCoelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio
dc.contributor.authorSaldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento
dc.contributor.authorLavigne, Eric
dc.contributor.authorCorrea, Patricia Matus
dc.contributor.authorOrtega, Nicolás Valdés
dc.contributor.authorOsorio, Samuel
dc.contributor.authorRoye, Dominic
dc.contributor.authorKyselý, Jan
dc.contributor.authorOrru, Hans
dc.contributor.authorMaasikmets, Marek
dc.contributor.authorJaakkola, Jouni J.K.
dc.contributor.authorRyti, Niilo
dc.contributor.authorPascal, Mathilde
dc.contributor.authorHuber, Veronika
dc.contributor.authorBreitner-Busch, Susanne
dc.contributor.authorSchneider, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorKatsouyanni, Klea
dc.contributor.authorSamoli, Evangelia
dc.contributor.authorEntezari, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorMayvaneh, Fatemeh
dc.contributor.authorGoodman, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorZeka, Ariana
dc.contributor.authorRaz, Raanan
dc.contributor.authorScortichini, Matteo
dc.contributor.authorStafoggia, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorHonda, Yasushi
dc.contributor.authorHashizume, Masahiro
dc.contributor.authorNg, Chris Fook Sheng
dc.contributor.authorAlahmad, Barrak
dc.contributor.authorDiaz, Magali Hurtado
dc.contributor.authorFélix Arellano, Eunice Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorOvercenco, Ala
dc.contributor.authorKlompmaker, Jochem
dc.contributor.authorRao, Shilpa
dc.contributor.authorCarrasco, Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorSeposo, Xerxes
dc.contributor.authorChua, Paul Lester Carlos
dc.contributor.authordas Neves Pereira da Silva, Susana
dc.contributor.authorMadureira, Joana
dc.contributor.authorHolobaca, Iulian-Horia
dc.contributor.authorScovronick, Noah
dc.contributor.authorGarland, Rebecca M.
dc.contributor.authorKim, Ho
dc.contributor.authorLee, Whanhee
dc.contributor.authorTobias, Aurelio
dc.contributor.authorÍñiguez, Carmen
dc.contributor.authorForsberg, Bertil
dc.contributor.authorRagettli, Martina S.
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Yue Leon
dc.contributor.authorPan, Shih-Chun
dc.contributor.authorLi, Shanshan
dc.contributor.authorMasselot, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorColistro, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorBell, Michelle
dc.contributor.authorZanobetti, Antonella
dc.contributor.authorSchwartz, Joel
dc.contributor.authorDang, Tran Ngoc
dc.contributor.authorVan Dung, Do
dc.contributor.authorGasparrini, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Yaoxian
dc.contributor.authorKan, Haidong
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-12T17:25:01Z
dc.date.available2026-01-12T17:25:01Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-16
dc.description.abstractBackground: The presence of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) in the environment is of increasing concern due to their toxicity and ubiquity. Although the adverse health effects of BTEX exposure have been documented, robust epidemiological evidence from large-scale, multicountry studies using advanced exposure assessment methodologies remains scarce. We aimed to assess the association of short-term ambient exposure to individual BTEX components and their mixture with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality on a global scale. Methods: Daily data on mortality, meteorological factors, and air pollution were collected from 757 locations across 46 countries or regions. Data on individual chemicals (ie, benzene, toluene, xylenes [summation of ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene]) and the aggregate mixture (ie, BTEX) were estimated using a chemistry–climate model. We examined the short-term associations of each individual chemical as well as the BTEX mixture with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in a multicountry framework. Using a two-stage time-series design, we first applied generalised additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution to obtain location-specific associations, which were subsequently pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Two-pollutant models were used to assess the independent effects of BTEX after adjusting for co-pollutants (PM2·5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide). Additionally, we assessed the overall exposure–response curves with spline terms. Findings: An IQR increment of BTEX concentration on lag 0–2 days (3-day moving average of the present day and the previous 2 days) was associated with increases of 0·57% (95% CI 0·49–0·65), 0·42% (0·30–0·54), and 0·68% (0·50–0·86) in total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. The corresponding effect estimates for an IQR increment in individual chemicals (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) were 0·38–0·61%, 0·44–0·70%, and 0·41–0·65%, respectively. The associations remained significant after adjusting for co-pollutants, with a general decline in magnitude, except for a slight increase after adjustment for ozone. The shape of the exposure–response curves for all pollutants and causes of death was almost linear, with steeper slopes at low concentrations and no discernible thresholds. Interpretation: This global study provides novel evidence linking short-term exposure to ambient BTEX, both individually and as a mixture, with increased daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. Our findings underscore the need for comprehensive air pollution mitigation policies, including stringent controls on BTEX emissions, to protect public health.eng
dc.description.sponsorship((This work was supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases—National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0529300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82430105), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2023SHZDZX02), Shanghai B&R Joint Laboratory Project (22230750300), and Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project (21230780200). YX and YH were partially funded by the Faculty Competition for Postdoctoral Fellows Program from the Division of Research & Innovation at Wayne State University. We gratefully acknowledge Cong Liu and Like Wang for their valuable contributions to manuscript revision and exposure model validation. We also appreciate the high-performance computing support and data storage from the Derecho (https://doi/org/10.5065/qx9a-pg09) supercomputers provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research and sponsored by NSF.))
dc.identifier.citationLancet Planet Health. 2025 Sep;9(9):101306. doi: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101306. Epub 2025 Sep 16
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101306
dc.identifier.eissn2542-5196
dc.identifier.pmid40972622
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10682
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(25)00184-6/fulltext
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectMCC
dc.subjectMortality
dc.subjectBenzene
dc.subjectToluene
dc.subjectEthylbenzene
dc.subjectXylene
dc.subjectAir Pollutants
dc.subjectEnvironmental Exposure
dc.subjectDeterminantes da Saúde e da Doença
dc.subjectAvaliação do Risco
dc.titleAssociations of ambient exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene with daily mortality: a multicountry time-series study in 757 global locationseng
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.referenceshttps://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2542519625001846-mmc1.pdf
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue9
oaire.citation.startPage101306
oaire.citation.titleThe Lancet Planetary Health
oaire.citation.volume9
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNamedas Neves Pereira da Silva
person.givenNameSusana
person.identifier.ciencia-idB718-8EF6-EBD8
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2524-0548
relation.isAuthorOfPublication49b180bc-3e03-4347-9e32-5725fd7142f8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery49b180bc-3e03-4347-9e32-5725fd7142f8

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