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Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and short-time health effects in wildland firefighters during real-life fire events

2024-03-19Research article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorPaiva, Ana Margarida
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Bela
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Marta
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Sara
dc.contributor.authorEsteves, Filipa
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Adília
dc.contributor.authorVaz, Josiana
dc.contributor.authorSlezáková
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, João Paulo
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Solange
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Simone
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-03T14:45:39Z
dc.date.available2025-04-03T14:45:39Z
dc.date.issued2024-03-19
dc.description.abstractHuman biomonitoring data retrieved from real-life wildland firefighting in Europe and, also, worldwide are scarce. Thus, in this study, 176 Portuguese firefighters were biomonitored pre- and post- unsimulated wildfire combating (average:12-13 h; maximum: 55 h) to evaluate the impact on the levels of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hydroxylated metabolites (OHPAH; quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection) and the associated short-term health effects (symptoms, and total and differentiated white blood cells). Correlations between these variables and data retrieved from the self-reported questionnaires were also investigated. Firefighters were organized into four groups according to their exposure to wildfire emissions and their smoking habits: non-smoking non-exposed (NSNExp), non-smoking exposed (NSExp), smoking non-exposed (SNExp), and smoking and exposed (SExp). The most abundant metabolites were 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-hydroxyacenaphthene (1OHNaph + 1OHAce) (98-99 %), followed by 2-hydroxyfluorene (2OHFlu) (0.2-1.1 %), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1OHPhen) (0.2-0.4 %), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1OHPy) (0.1-0.2 %); urinary 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was not detected. The exposure to wildfire emissions significantly elevated the median concentrations of each individual and total OHPAH compounds in all groups, but this effect was more pronounced in non-smoking (1.7-4.2 times; p ≤ 0.006) than in smoking firefighters (1.3-1.6 times; p ≤ 0.03). The greatest discriminant of exposure to wildfire emissions was 1OHNaph + 1OHAce (increase of 4.2 times), while for tobacco smoke it was 2OHFlu (increase of 10 times). Post-exposure, white blood cells count significantly increased ranging from 1.4 (smokers, p = 0.025) to 3.7-fold (non-smokers, p < 0.001), which was accompanied by stronger significant correlations (0.480 < r < 0.882; p < 0.04) between individual and total OHPAH and total white blood cells (and lymphocytes > monocytes > neutrophils in non-smokers), evidencing the impact of PAH released from wildfire on immune cells. This study identifies Portuguese firefighters with high levels of biomarkers of exposure to PAH and points out the importance of adopting biomonitoring schemes, that include multiple biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of effect, and implementing mitigations strategies.eng
dc.description.abstractHighlights: - PAH metabolites (OHPAH) were analysed pre- and post- real-life wildfire combating; - Exposure to wildfire emissions significantly elevated the levels of all OHPAH; - The greatest discriminant of exposure to wildfire emissions was 1OHNaph + 1OHAce; - 2OHFlu and 1OHPy correlated positively with the daily number of smoked cigarettes; - OHPAH were associated with total white blood cells and differential count.por
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was financially supported by the project PCIF/SSO/0017/2018 (doi:10.54499/PCIF/SSO/0017/2018) by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds. This work received support by UIDB/50006/2020 (DOI:10.54499/UIDB/50006/2020), UIDP/50006/2020 (DOI:10.54499/UIDP/50006/2020), LA/P/0008/2020 (DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0008/2020) and through the project PCIF/SSO/0090/2019 (doi:10.54499/PCIF/SSO/0090/2019) by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds. The authors would also like to thank to FCT and European Union through Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) which supported the scientific contract CEEC- Individual 2017 Program Contract CEECIND/03666/2017 (DOI:10.54499/CEECIND/03666/2017/CP1427/CT0007) and the PhD grant 2020.07394.BD, respectively.
dc.identifier.citationSci Total Environ. 2024 May 20:926:171801. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171801. Epub 2024 Mar 19
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171801
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.pmid38508274
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10472
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationA panel of (bio)markers for the surveillance of firefighter's health and safety.
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectWildfire Emissions
dc.subjectOccupational Exposure
dc.subjectPAH
dc.subjectTobacco Consumption
dc.subjectWhite Blood Cells Count
dc.subjectHuman Biomonitoring
dc.subjectAr e Saúde Ocupacional
dc.titleBiomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and short-time health effects in wildland firefighters during real-life fire eventseng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleA panel of (bio)markers for the surveillance of firefighter's health and safety.
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico no Âmbito da Prevenção e Combate a Incêndios Florestais - 2018/PCIF%2FSSO%2F0017%2F2018/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico no Âmbito da Prevenção e Combate a Incêndios Florestais - 2019/PCIF%2FSSO%2F0090%2F2019/PT
oaire.citation.startPage926:171801
oaire.citation.titleScience of the Total Environment
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico no Âmbito da Prevenção e Combate a Incêndios Florestais - 2018
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico no Âmbito da Prevenção e Combate a Incêndios Florestais - 2019
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isProjectOfPublicatione03b6804-4e26-4c3d-9cc7-8d614b5d4333
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