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HBM4EU e-waste study: Occupational exposure of electronic waste workers to phthalates and DINCH in Europe

2023-11-09Journal article Restricted access
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dc.contributor.authorCleys, Paulien
dc.contributor.authorHardy, Emilie
dc.contributor.authorAit Bamai, Yu
dc.contributor.authorPoma, Giulia
dc.contributor.authorCseresznye, Adam
dc.contributor.authorMalarvannan, Govindan
dc.contributor.authorScheepers, Paul T.J.
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Susana
dc.contributor.authorPorras, Simo P.
dc.contributor.authorSantonen, Tiina
dc.contributor.authorGodderis, Lode
dc.contributor.authorVerdonck, Jelle
dc.contributor.authorPoels, Katrien
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Carla
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Maria João
dc.contributor.authorLouro, Henriqueta
dc.contributor.authorMartinsone, Inese
dc.contributor.authorAkūlova, Lāsma
dc.contributor.authorvan Nieuwenhuyse, An
dc.contributor.authorGraumans, Martien
dc.contributor.authorMahiout, Selma
dc.contributor.authorDuca, Radu Corneliu
dc.contributor.authorCovaci, Adrian
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-28T11:22:20Z
dc.date.available2023-11-28T11:22:20Z
dc.date.issued2023-11-09
dc.description.abstractWorkers involved in the processing of electronic waste (e-waste) are potentially exposed to toxic chemicals, including phthalates and alternative plasticizers (APs). Dismantling and shredding of e-waste may lead to the production of dust that contains these plasticizers. The aim of this study, which was part of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), was to assess the exposure to phthalates (e.g. di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP) and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic di-isononyl ester (DINCH) in e-waste workers from ten European companies. This was achieved by (i) analysing urine samples from 106 e-waste workers collected at the beginning and at the end of the work week, (ii) comparing these with urine samples from 63 non-occupationally exposed controls, and (iii) analysing settled floor dust collected in e-waste premises. Significantly higher urinary concentrations of seven out of thirteen phthalates and DINCH metabolites were found in the e-waste workers compared to the control population. However, no significant differences were found between pre- and post-shift concentrations in the e-waste workers. Concentrations of DBP, DEHP and DiDP in dust were weakly to moderately positively correlated with their corresponding urinary metabolite concentrations in the e-waste workers (Spearman's ρ = 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2, respectively). Additionally, significantly lower urinary concentrations of nine phthalates and DINCH metabolites were found in e-waste workers using respiratory protective equipment (RPE) during their work activities, reflecting the potential benefits of RPE to prevent occupational exposure to phthalates and DINCH. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values obtained in this study were lower than the corresponding tolerable daily intake (TDI) adopted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for the general population, suggesting that the risk for negative health consequences in this population of e-waste workers from exposure to phthalates and DINCH is expected to be low. This was confirmed by the urinary metabolite concentrations of all workers being lower than the HBM4EU guidance values derived for the occupational exposed and general population. This study is one of the first to address the occupational exposure to phthalates and DINCH in Europe in e-waste dismantling workers, combining a human biomonitoring approach with analysis of settled indoor dust.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Research Foundation – Flanders- Belgium (FWO) under Grant number 1S70820N, providing Paulien Cleys a PhD fellowship at the University of Antwerp. Adam Cseresznye acknowledges the Flemish Exposome Project (Flexigut - FFB200392), Yu Ait Bamai acknowledges a fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (A), grant number 19KK0288). Giulia Poma was supported by the Exposome Centre of Excellence of the University of Antwerp (BOF grant, Antigoon database number 41222). This work has received external funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 733032 (HBM4EU) and received co-funding from the author’s organizations and/or ministries. In addition, the Finnish Work Environment fund provided co-funding (grant number 200345).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationInt J Hyg Environ Health. 2024 jan:255:114286. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114286. Epub 2023 Nov 9pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114286pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1618-131X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/8787
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationEuropean Human Biomonitoring Initiative
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1438463923001773?via%3Dihubpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectPlasticizerspt_PT
dc.subjectEnvironmental Genotoxicitypt_PT
dc.subjectOccupational exposurept_PT
dc.subjectElectronic Wastept_PT
dc.subjectWorkerspt_PT
dc.subjectHuman Biomonitoringpt_PT
dc.subjectE-wastept_PT
dc.subjectIndoor Dustpt_PT
dc.subjectHuman Risk Assessmenpt_PT
dc.subjectEuropept_PT
dc.subjectGenotoxicidade Ambiental
dc.titleHBM4EU e-waste study: Occupational exposure of electronic waste workers to phthalates and DINCH in Europept_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleEuropean Human Biomonitoring Initiative
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/733032/EU
oaire.citation.startPage114286pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Healthpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume255pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
person.familyNameSilva
person.familyNameLouro
person.givenNameMaria Joao
person.givenNameHenriqueta
person.identifier157627
person.identifier.ciencia-id7710-643D-97A3
person.identifier.ciencia-id721D-2BB1-7DB1
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6060-0716
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9744-7332
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55944437600
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6507971479
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
rcaap.embargofctAcesso de acordo com a política editorial da revista.pt_PT
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa7763685-7c34-468d-b958-9dd0aca66db4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242
relation.isProjectOfPublication6815dc2d-ef7e-4535-8dd3-5193c8bffba5
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery6815dc2d-ef7e-4535-8dd3-5193c8bffba5

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