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Distribution of the West Nile Virus vector, Culex pipiens, in mainland Portugal: A geospatial modelling study

2025-09-30Journal article Restricted access
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dc.contributor.authorMartinho, Júlia
dc.contributor.authorCosta Osório, Hugo
dc.contributor.authorAmaro, Fátima
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorMarques Zé-Zé, Líbia Maria
dc.contributor.authorPereira Figueira Alves, Maria João
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Baltazar
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Patricia
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-20T10:57:13Z
dc.date.available2025-11-20T10:57:13Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-30
dc.description.abstractBackground: Culex pipiens, Portugal’s most abundant mosquito, is a vector for several pathogens including the West Nile virus. Understanding its spatial distribution can contribute to vector-borne diseases control and public health planning, given Portugal’s favourable climate. National-level data on its spatial distribution, especially in relation to climatic variables is limited. We aimed to predict the suitability of Culex pipiens distribution in mainland Portugal, considering climatic factors. Methods: A maximum entropy (Maxent) model was applied, using presence records for adult and larvae of Culex pipiens mosquitoes sampled across mainland Portugal between January 2017 and October 2023, as part of the REVIVE – Vector Surveillance Network program. Adults were sampled using CDC light traps and BG-Sentinel traps between May and October at random sites and year-round at point-of-entry sites. Larvae were sampled using dippers at breeding sites. Sampling bias was corrected by filtering presence records to one per 1 km2 cell grid. Climatic data, including temperature, precipitation and elevation, were used as predictors. Results: Out of 6,859 records, 354 unique sites were obtained after filtering and cell-duplicate removal. Suitable habitats seem to be primarily in the northern and central coastal regions. Temperature was the most important predictor. Convenience sampling bias may be present. Conclusions: Most West Nile virus case reports have come from southern Portugal, but Culex pipiens’s potential distribution covers the entire mainland territory, with seemingly higher distribution in the north. West Nile vector surveillance should be a priority in all regions to accurately assess transmission risk and implement effective control measures.eng
dc.description.abstractHighlights: - Maxent was used to model suitable habitats for Culex pipiens in Portugal. - Culex pipiens’s suitability distribution covers the entire mainland territory. - Culex pipiens’s potential distribution is higher in the northern coast. - Region-specific strategies for WNV prevention and control are needed.eng
dc.identifier.citationActa Trop. 2025 Nov:271:107856. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107856. Epub 2025 Sep 30
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107856
dc.identifier.issn0001-706X
dc.identifier.pmid41038287
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10623
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001706X25003262
dc.relation.ispartofActa Tropica
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectClimate
dc.subjectCulex Pipiens
dc.subjectGeospatial Modelling
dc.subjectMosquito-Borne Diseases
dc.subjectSurveillance
dc.subjectWest Nile Virus
dc.subjectMosquito Vectors
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subjectSpatial Analysis
dc.subjectInfecções Sistémicas e Zoonoses
dc.subjectPortugal
dc.titleDistribution of the West Nile Virus vector, Culex pipiens, in mainland Portugal: A geospatial modelling studyeng
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.referenceshttps://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0001706X25003262-mmc1.docx
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage107856
oaire.citation.titleActa Tropica
oaire.citation.volume271
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCosta Osório
person.familyNameAmaro
person.familyNameMarques Zé-Zé
person.familyNamePereira Figueira Alves
person.familyNameNunes
person.familyNameSoares
person.givenNameHugo
person.givenNameFátima
person.givenNameLíbia Maria
person.givenNameMaria João
person.givenNameBaltazar
person.givenNamePatricia
person.identifierU-5730-2017
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0065-9000
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5033-9115
person.identifier.scopus-author-id1911430
person.identifier.scopus-author-id9133723200
person.identifier.scopus-author-id52063758300
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