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Towards Safer Insect-Based Feed and Food: Toxicokinetics of Cadmium, Arsenic and Lead in the Black Soldier Fly Larvae

2024-09-08Documento de conferência Acesso restrito
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias
dc.contributor.authorAlvito, P.
dc.contributor.authorProdana, M.
dc.contributor.authorSilva, A.R.
dc.contributor.authorMostafaie, A.
dc.contributor.authorPinto, J.
dc.contributor.authorVerissimo, P.
dc.contributor.authorCoelho, I.
dc.contributor.authorRego, A.
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, B.
dc.contributor.authorLoureiro, S.
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, D.
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-03T13:58:32Z
dc.date.available2026-08-03T13:58:32Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-08
dc.descriptionAbstract publicado em: Toxicology Letters. 2024;399(Suppl 2):S373-74. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.887
dc.description.abstractInsects are rich in protein, lipids, and other nutrients, and they possess an exceptionally efficient bioconversion capacity. Besides these benefits, a significant advantage, particularly within the context of a circular bioeconomy, is their ability to utilize a wide range of food sources in rearing facilities, including residual biomass, thereby avoiding competition with key food commodities (e.g., wheat and soybean). However, before utilizing alternative feedstocks such as bio-waste, it is crucial to ensure the safety of these insects as food and feed. This study aimed to assess the uptake and elimination of common contaminants—cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb)—by the larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) from feed substrates. A two-phase bioaccumulation study was conducted: a 5-day uptake phase where larvae were fed a contaminated substrate, followed by a 5-day elimination phase with a clean substrate. The substrate used was the Gainesville diet, spiked with cadmium chloride (CdCl2), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) at concentrations of 2 mg/kg for Cd and As, and 10 mg/kg for Pb, based on EU regulatory limits for feed. The control group consisted of organisms exposed to clean substrate during the 10-day experiment. A 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod and a temperature of 25±2°C were maintained during the exposure. Daily sampling was carried out, followed by a 12-hour depuration time, and lyophilization. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for metal quantification. Data from both the uptake and elimination phases were used for toxicokinetic modelling. The kinetic bioaccumulation factors were 1.21 for As, 1.45 for Pb, and 6.13 for Cd. Results indicated that the larvae accumulated these metals at concentrations exceeding the permissible levels (2 and/or 10 mg/kg dry substrate). The highest uptake rate was for Cd, followed by As and Pb. However, larvae reached safe internal concentrations for use as food for other animals after being moved to a clean substrate during: 2 days for As, 4 days for Pb, and 5 days for Cd. Fromt the obtained results, we recommend implementing this depuration period after exposure to bio-waste, although the duration should be adapted depending on the particular contaminants involved. Toxicokinetic studies are valuable for assessing the safety of insects for feed and food, and they can be useful tools to define the conditions that will assure sustainable use of insects in bio-waste management.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the project ENTOSAFE (PTDC/CTA-AMB/0730/2021, https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/CTA-AMB/0730/2021), financially supported by national funds(O.E.), through FCT/MCTES. We acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. A Mostafaie is a PhD grant holder (https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.08001.BD) and J. Pinto is a PhD grant holder https://doi.org/10.54499/2023.00437.BD), both funded by FCT. FCT also financed DN Cardoso hired under the Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual Call (CEECIND/01190/2018; https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECIND/01190/2018/CP1559/CT0006). M. Prodana is a contracted researcher within ENTOSAFE (PTDC/CTA-AMB/0730/2021; https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/CTA-AMB/0730/2021). Patrícia V. Silva was funded by the project NATURAL (Nano-clays for removel/capture of phosphates and its reuse as fertilizer; CENTRO-01-0247-FEDER-047080) through a pos-doctoral grant (BIPD/UI50/6103/2021). funded by FCT. A. Rita R. Silva received a research contract from the insectEra project (Project no. 20 with the application C644917393-00000032)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.887
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/11335
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedn/a
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectEdible Insects
dc.subjectFood Safety
dc.subjectMetals
dc.subjectToxicokinetics
dc.subjectUptake
dc.subjectElimination
dc.subjectToxicology
dc.subjectBlack Soldier Fly
dc.subjectSegurança Alimentar
dc.titleTowards Safer Insect-Based Feed and Food: Toxicokinetics of Cadmium, Arsenic and Lead in the Black Soldier Fly Larvaeeng
dc.typeconference object
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/50017/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/50017/2020
oaire.awardNumberLA/P/0094/2020
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50017%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50017%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0094%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.conferenceDate2024-09-08
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceCopenhaga, Dinamarca
oaire.citation.title58th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX), 8-11 September 2024
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isProjectOfPublication4e22de31-8fc5-4b15-b980-3fd0edf5515d
relation.isProjectOfPublication0e72e6c8-b610-43e0-931c-8ad275ad6093
relation.isProjectOfPublicationbc5e46b5-0da4-4ee2-97e0-bf2ab95a5870
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4e22de31-8fc5-4b15-b980-3fd0edf5515d

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