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Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of silver (E 174) as a food additive (EFSA‐Q‐2023‐00169)

2025-04-23Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorEFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
dc.contributor.authorAndreassen, Monica
dc.contributor.authorAquilina, Gabriele
dc.contributor.authorBastos, Maria Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorBoon, Polly
dc.contributor.authorCastle, Laurence
dc.contributor.authorFallico, Biagio
dc.contributor.authorFitzGerald, Reginald
dc.contributor.authorFrutos Fernandez, Maria Jose
dc.contributor.authorGrasl‐Kraupp, Bettina
dc.contributor.authorGundert‐Remy, Ursula
dc.contributor.authorGürtler, Rainer
dc.contributor.authorKurek, Marcin Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorLouro, Henriqueta
dc.contributor.authorMorales, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorPassamonti, Sabina
dc.contributor.authorOomen, Agnes
dc.contributor.authorCorsini, Emanuela
dc.contributor.authorWright, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Peter
dc.contributor.authorGaffet, Eric
dc.contributor.authorLoeschner, Katrin
dc.contributor.authorMast, Jan
dc.contributor.authorUndas, Anna
dc.contributor.authorMech, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorRincon, Ana Maria
dc.contributor.authorRuggeri, Laura
dc.contributor.authorSmeraldi, Camilla
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-13T13:17:46Z
dc.date.available2025-11-13T13:17:46Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-23
dc.description.abstractSilver (E 174) is a food colour that was re‐evaluated by the EFSA ANS Panel (2016). The ANS Panel concluded that the information available then, was insufficient to assess the safety of silver as food additive. The major issues included limited characterisation of silver E 174 (e.g. quantity of nanoparticles) and release of ionic silver. Following a European Commission call for further data to fill the data gap, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of silver (E 174). One interested business operator (IBO) submitted limited data on particle size distribution and morphology, two genotoxicity studies and one subchronic study. The Panel concluded that the technical data submitted on physicochemical characterisation of all types of silver used as food additive E 174 were not adequate. As a result, the Panel was unable to propose changes to the EU specifications of E174 on particle size and morphology. As the additional information requested was not provided, the assessment was based solely on the submitted data. Nonetheless, given the data provided and silver insolubility in water, the Panel concluded that E174 requires risk assessment at the nanoscale following the EFSA Guidance on Risk assessment of nanomaterials to be applied in the food and feed chain, to complement the conventional risk assessment. The Panel considered that the genotoxicity data and sub‐chronic toxicity data were inadequate. Consequently, the Panel could not conclude on the safety of the food additive silver E 174.eng
dc.identifier.citationEFSA J. 2025 Apr 23;23(4):e9316. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9316. eCollection 2025 Apr
dc.identifier.doi10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9316
dc.identifier.eissn1831-4732
dc.identifier.pmid1831-4732
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10608
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9316
dc.relation.ispartofEFSA Journal
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectSilver (E174)
dc.subjectFood Additive
dc.subjectEnvironmental Genotoxicity
dc.subjectFollow-Up
dc.subjectFood Colourant
dc.subjectSafety Assessment
dc.subjectGenotoxicidade Ambiental
dc.titleFollow‐up of the re‐evaluation of silver (E 174) as a food additive (EFSA‐Q‐2023‐00169)eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.titleEFSA Journal
oaire.citation.volume23
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLouro
person.givenNameHenriqueta
person.identifier157627
person.identifier.ciencia-id721D-2BB1-7DB1
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9744-7332
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6507971479
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242

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