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Exploring Cynara cardunculus L. by-products potential: Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

2024-09-10Journal article Unknown
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dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Cássia H.
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Maria Paula
dc.contributor.authorAndrade, Mariana A.
dc.contributor.authorMateus, Ana Rita
dc.contributor.authorVilarinho, Fernanda
dc.contributor.authorFernando, Ana Luisa
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Ana Sanches
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-27T14:18:42Z
dc.date.available2025-02-27T14:18:42Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-10
dc.description.abstractCynara cardunculus L. (cardoon), a perennial crop indigenous to the Mediterranean region, has gained recognition for its remarkable resilience to diverse weather conditions and its multifaceted applications across various industries, which includes the use of the flower as a vegetable rennet to produce some cheeses, as a source of biomass for energy, or its seed oil for human consumption, biodiesel, and animal feed. In some applications (e.g. biomass or seed production), when crop is harvested at the end of the growth cycle, the leaves remain as the main by-products, along with the flowers. In the context of a circular economy, the aim of this work was to undergone studies to determinate their biological properties (antioxidant and antimicrobial). Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of C. cardunculus L. (globe artichoke var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) and cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC.)) leaves and flowers were characterised in terms of their polyphenol profile (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS)), antioxidant capacity (free radical DPPH inhibition system, β-carotene bleaching assay), and antimicrobial capacity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), antifungal). In addition, the cultivated cardoon leaves extracts were assessed before and after they were dried in an oven with forced air circulation to evaluate if this treatment affected their bioactive profile. Chlorogenic acid, apigenin, and luteolin were the most quantified of a total of sixteen compounds identified by UHPLC-ToF-MS. Cultivated cardoon dry leaf extract presented the best antioxidant capacity for both methanolic (EC50 = 0.8 mg/mL, antioxidant activity coefficient (AAC) = 279.67) and ethanolic (EC50 =2.1 mg/mL, AAC = 448.06) extracts, compared to the cardoon flower extracts and the globe artichoke leaf ex tracts. Dried cultivated cardoon leaf extracts presented higher antioxidant capacity than fresh cultivated cardoon leaf extracts, but a greater number of polyphenolic compounds were identified in fresh cultivated cardoon leaf extract. The Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the activity of both ethanolic and methanolic extracts than the Gram-negative and cultivated cardoon dry leaf ethanolic extract presented lower MIC and MBC values (125–2000 µg/mL) for most of the tested microorganisms, thus showing higher antimicrobial activity. As for the cultivated cardoon leaf extracts, the dried leaf extracts exhibited better antimicrobial activity, with lower MIC values, than the fresh leaf extracts. The extracts only demonstrated a slight inhibition against the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus. In conclusion, studies performed indicate that dried leaves maintain their biological activities compared to fresh leaves, and that flowers present significant biological activity which suggests the great.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractHighlights: - The antioxidant activity of different Cynara cardunculus extracts was tested; - Chlorogenic acid, luteolin and apigenin were the main phenolic compounds quantified; - The antimicrobial activity of different C. cardunculus extracts was tested; - The extracts were tested against different Aspergillus species; - Cardoon dried leaf extract had greater antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.por
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center—MEtRICs, financed by national funds from the FCT/MCTES (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04077/2020, https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04077/2020). This research was funded by PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the grant UIDB/00211/2020. Cassia H. Barbosa would like to thank for the Ph.D. scholarship from Fundaçao para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) — 2021.08154.BD (https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.08154.BD).
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationInd Crop Prod. 2024 Set 10;222(1):119559. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119559
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119559pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1872-633X
dc.identifier.issn1872-633X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10395
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationCenter for the Study of Animal Science
dc.relationMechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center
dc.relation2021.08154.BD
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092666902401536X
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092666902401536Xpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectCardoonpt_PT
dc.subjectLeavespt_PT
dc.subjectBy-productspt_PT
dc.subjectChlorogenic Acidpt_PT
dc.subjectUHPLC-ToF-MSpt_PT
dc.subjectAntifungal Activitypt_PT
dc.subjectSegurança Alimentarpt_PT
dc.titleExploring Cynara cardunculus L. by-products potential: Antioxidant and antimicrobial propertiespt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCenter for the Study of Animal Science
oaire.awardTitleMechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00211%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/2021.08154.BD/PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage119559pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleIndustrial Crops and Products
oaire.citation.volume222pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamOE
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isProjectOfPublication69b75eb9-6f25-4ad8-98db-6cc7e9bcdcc7
relation.isProjectOfPublication4bf6b417-9ca7-4789-9d0c-4c83efb0fd9a
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery69b75eb9-6f25-4ad8-98db-6cc7e9bcdcc7

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