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Reā€evaluation of oxygen (E 948) and hydrogen (E 949) as food additives

2025-08-07Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorEFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
dc.contributor.authorCastle, Laurence
dc.contributor.authorAndreassen, Monica
dc.contributor.authorAquilina, Gabriele
dc.contributor.authorBastos, Maria Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorBoon, Polly
dc.contributor.authorFallico, Biagio
dc.contributor.authorFitzGerald, Reginald
dc.contributor.authorFrutos Fernandez, Maria Jose
dc.contributor.authorGraslā€Kraupp, Bettina
dc.contributor.authorGundertā€Remy, Ursula
dc.contributor.authorGĆ¼rtler, Rainer
dc.contributor.authorHoudeau, Eric
dc.contributor.authorKurek, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorLouro, Henriqueta
dc.contributor.authorMorales, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorPassamonti, Sabina
dc.contributor.authorRasinger, Josef Daniel
dc.contributor.authorSmeraldi, Camilla
dc.contributor.authorDi Ciano, Samuele
dc.contributor.authorDino, Borana
dc.contributor.authorMazzoli, Elena
dc.contributor.authorRincon, Ana Maria
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-10T13:41:23Z
dc.date.available2025-11-10T13:41:23Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-07
dc.description.abstractThe Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provides a scientific opinion reā€evaluating the safety of oxygen (E 948) and hydrogen (E 949) as food additives. Their currently permitted use in food in the European Union (EU) is in all food categories, including in foods for infants and young children at quantum satis (QS). They can also be used in food additive preparations, food enzymes and nutrients also at QS. No interested business operators (IBOs) provided information in response to the call for data published by EFSA to support their reā€evaluation. The original evaluation by the EU in 1990 indicated their use as packaging gases, and in the case of oxygen (E 948), also as propellant. The Panel considered the two gases to be of low toxicological concern when used as food additives and their dietary exposure very low. The Panel concluded that the use of oxygen (E 948) and hydrogen (E 949) as food additives does not raise a safety concern. The Panel made some recommendations for amending existing EU specifications for both oxygen (E 948) and hydrogen (E 949).eng
dc.identifier.citationEFSA J. 2025 Aug 7;23(8):e9595. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9595. eCollection 2025 Aug
dc.identifier.doi10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9595
dc.identifier.eissn1831-4732
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10575
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9595
dc.relation.ispartofEFSA Journal
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject1333-74- 0
dc.subject7782- 44-7
dc.subjectE 948
dc.subjectE 949
dc.subjectFood Additives
dc.subjectEnvironmental Genotoxicity
dc.subjectHydrogen
dc.subjectOxygen
dc.subjectGenotoxicidade Ambiental
dc.titleReā€evaluation of oxygen (E 948) and hydrogen (E 949) as food additiveseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.startPagee9595
oaire.citation.titleEFSA Journal
oaire.citation.volume23
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLouro
person.givenNameHenriqueta
person.identifier157627
person.identifier.ciencia-id721D-2BB1-7DB1
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9744-7332
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6507971479
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2361a951-8b9a-4b90-92d6-f6384003a242

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