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A protocol for high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine effectiveness in the community and long-term care facilities using electronic health records

2025-05-09Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorSoares, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorGOMEZ TEIXEIRA PINTO, VERÓNICA DEL PILAR
dc.contributor.authorGaio, Vânia
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida Santos, João
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana Paula
dc.contributor.authorMachado, Ausenda
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-12T16:28:22Z
dc.date.available2026-01-12T16:28:22Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-09
dc.description.abstractSince the 2022–2023 season in Portugal, a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine is freely available for individuals living in long-term care facilities (LTCF). In 2024–2025, vaccination was extended to community-dwelling individuals aged ≥85 years. Given the scarcity of reported high-dose influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) estimates for this population, this study aims to estimate the high-dose relative and absolute IVE. A retrospective cohort study using data from electronic health records databases (EHR) will be implemented, using two cohorts, one of individuals vaccinated with influenza vaccine (to estimate relative IVE) and another of individuals eligible for the high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (to estimate absolute IVE). We will consider two subgroups for both cohorts: individuals living in LTCF and community-dwelling individuals aged ≥85. We will use a fixed cohort approach, defining the eligible population by age at the vaccination campaign(s) start and living status. The outcomes are based on the primary cause of hospital admission. The reference population database will be defined by linking EHR on vaccination, comorbidities, and hospitalisations using a unique identifier through a deterministic data linkage procedure, and influenza vaccination status will be assessed retrospectively. We will use Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR), considering as event the first hospitalisation due to influenza-like-illness and as exposure the vaccination status. IVE will be estimated as one minus the confounder-adjusted HR of vaccinated with the high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine vs vaccinated with standard dose (to estimate relative IVE) or unvaccinated (to estimate absolute IVE). While challenges such as EHR constraints and potential reporting bias pose limitations, using routinely collected data has successfully estimated COVID-19 VE and enables precise monitoring of VE with higher representativeness. The results of this study will inform the Health Ministry on the future influenza vaccine programme in Portugal.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was partially supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. by project reference CEECINST/00049/2021/CP2817/CT0001 and DOI identifier 10.54499/CEECINST/00049/2021/CP2817/CT0001.
dc.identifier.citationPLoS One. 2025 May 9;20(5):e0314177. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314177. eCollection 2025
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0314177
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.pmid40344555
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10680
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)
dc.relationCEECINST/00049/2021/CP2817/CT0001
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0314177
dc.relation.ispartofPLOS One
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectVE Studies
dc.subjectInfuenza
dc.subjectInfluenza Vaccine
dc.subjectVaccine Effectiveness
dc.subjectEstados de Saúde e de Doença
dc.subjectInfecções Respiratórias
dc.subjectPortugal
dc.titleA protocol for high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine effectiveness in the community and long-term care facilities using electronic health recordseng
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.referenceshttps://ndownloader.figstatic.com/files/54380176
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.startPagee0314177
oaire.citation.titlePloS One
oaire.citation.volume20
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameSoares
person.familyNameGOMEZ TEIXEIRA PINTO
person.familyNameGaio
person.familyNameAlmeida Santos
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.familyNameMachado
person.givenNamePatricia
person.givenNameVERÓNICA DEL PILAR
person.givenNameVânia
person.givenNameJoão
person.givenNameAna Paula
person.givenNameAusenda
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5033-9115
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7626-4991
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8564-1098
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2264-4723
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1849-1499
person.identifier.scopus-author-id52063758300
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56080468200
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