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Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres (ENVIRH) - Study rationale and protocol
Publication . Araújo-Martins, J.; Carreiro Martins, P.; Viegas, J.; Aelenei, D.; Cano, M.M.; Teixeira, João Paulo; Paixão, P.; Papoila, A.L.; Leiria-Pinto, P.; Pedro, C.; Rosado-Pinto, J.; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Neuparth, N.
[PT] Antecedentes: A qualidade do ar interior (IAQ) é considerada um determinante importante da saúde humana. A associação entre a exposição a compostos orgânicos voláteis, partículas, ácaros, bolores e bactérias em creches (DCC) não é perfeitamente clara. O objectivo deste estudo foi estudar esses efeitos.
Metodologia - desenho do estudo: Este estudo decorreu em duas Fases. A Fase I incluiu uma avaliação de 45 DCCs (25 em Lisboa e 20 no Porto, visando 5.161 crianças). Nesta Fase, foram avaliadas as características dos edifícios, o CO2 e a temperatura ambiente/humidade relativa no interior. Também foi distribuído um questionário de saúde respiratória das crianças derivado do ISAAC (Estudo Internacional sobre a Asma e Alergias em Crianças). A Fase II englobou duas avaliações e incluiu 20 DCCs seleccionadas da fase I, após uma análise de clusters (11 em Lisboa e 9 no Porto, visando 2.287 crianças). Nesta Fase, foram recolhidos dados sobre a ventilação, IAQ (qualidade do ar interior), parâmetros de conforto térmico, saúde em termos respiratórios e alérgicos, marcadores biológicos de inflamação das vias respiratórias, padrões de infecção de vírus respiratórios e stress dos pais e crianças.
Discussão: Este documento destaca a metodologia que pode ser implementada por outros investigadores que realizam estudos sobre a associação entre a saúde respiratória e a qualidade do ar interior, em creches e infantários.
J. Araújo-Martins, P. Carreiro Martins, J. Viegas, D. Aelenei, M.M. Cano, J.P. Teixeira, P. Paixão, A.L. Papoila, P. Leiria-Pinto, C. Pedro, J. Rosado-Pinto, I. Annesi-Maesano, N. Neuparth
Effect of indoor air quality of day care centers in children with different predisposition for asthma
Publication . Carreiro-Martins, Pedro; Papoila, Ana Luisa; Caires, Iolanda; Azevedo, Susana; Cano, Maria Manuela; Virella, Daniel; Leiria-Pinto, Paula; Teixeira, João Paulo; Rosado-Pinto, José; Annesi Maesano, Isabella; Neuparth, Nuno
BACKGROUND:
Scarce information is available about the relationships between indoor air quality (IAQ) at day care centers (DCC), the estimated predisposition for asthma and the actual wheezing susceptibility.
METHODS:
In the Phase II of ENVIRH study, 19 DCC were recruited after cluster analysis. Children were evaluated firstly using the ISAAC questionnaire and later by a follow up questionnaire about recent wheezing. A positive asthma predictive index (API) was considered as predisposition for asthma. Every DCC was audited for IAQ and monitored for chemical and biological contaminants.
RESULTS:
We included 1,191 children, with a median age of 43 (P25 -P75 : 25-58) months. Considering the overall sample, in the first questionnaire, associations were found between CO2 concentration (increments of 200 ppm) and diagnosis of asthma (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.20). Each increment of 100 μg.m-3 of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and 1 μg of Der p1/g of dust were associated with wheezing in the previous 12 months (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11 and OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.99-1.12, respectively). In the follow-up questionnaire, TVOC were again associated with wheezing (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.11). Children exposed to fungal concentration above the 75th percentile had also higher odds of wheezing at follow-up. TVOC were associated with wheezing in children with either negative or positive API.
CONCLUSIONS:
IAQ in DCC seems to be associated with wheezing, in children with and without predisposition for asthma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Airborne bacteria and fungi in different indoor environments: levels and dose rates
Publication . Paciência, I.; Madureira, J.; Cavaleiro Rufo, J.; Aguiar, L.; Teixeira, João Paulo; Pinto, M.; Moreira, A.; de Oliveira Fernandes, E.
The study aimed to: (i) quantify bacteria and fungi concentrations in 4 indoor environments;
(ii) identify the recovered fungi; (iii) assess the impact of outdoor bacteria and fungi indoors;
and (iv) estimate bacterial and fungal inhalation dose rates in children and elderly.
Air samples were collected from 20 primary schools, 68 homes, 9 child day-care centres and
22 elderly care centres, with a microbiological air sampler using TSA and MEA culture
media.
Indoor Air Quality in Day Care Centres
Publication . Cano, Manuela
The growing concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) results from the knowledge that exposure to indoor air pollutants may be higher than outdoor air exposure. In developed countries, after their homes, day care centres are the places where children spend most of their time, so it is essential to understand how environmental factors influence children health.
The objectives of the ENVIRH study (2010-2012) were to assess IAQ in naturally ventilated day care centres and kindergartens located in urban centres, study the correlations between indoor air pollutants and explore differences in the associations between building characteristics and IAQ in spring and winter. Most of the day care centres revealed carbon dioxide and bacterial levels above the reference levels defined by the Portuguese legislation, Indoor PM10 levels were higher indoors when compared with outdoor levels (I/O ratio>1) and are influenced by the floor covering materials.
Recent changes to indoor air quality regulations, implemented in 2020, require a simplified assessment of indoor air quality in nurseries and kindergartens, with the determination of carbon dioxide and particulate matter (PM10/ PM2.5). The results of some recently conducted simplified annual assessments will be presented and discussed.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
3599-PPCDT
Número da atribuição
PTDC/SAU-ESA/100275/2008