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Draft Genome Sequence of an Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from a Gallus gallus Broiler Producing the Novel CTX-M-166 Variant

Publication . Manageiro, Vera; Clemente, Lurdes; Duarte, Sílvia; Vieira, Luís; Caniça, Manuela

We report here the draft genome sequence of the CTX-M-166-harboring O6:H16 sequence type 48 (ST48)-fimH34 Escherichia coli strain recovered from a Gallus gallus broiler. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of an IncI1/ST103-ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-166-orf477 plasmid region and of diverse antibiotic resistance and virulence-acquired genes.

2016-10-06Journal article

Open access

Draft Genomic Analysis of an Avian Multidrug Resistant Morganella morganii Isolate Carrying qnrD1

Publication . Jones-Dias, Daniela; Clemente, Lurdes; Moura, Inês B; Sampaio, Daniel A; Albuquerque, Teresa; Vieira, Luís; Manageiro, Vera; Caniça, Manuela

Morganella morganii is a commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen often present in the gut of humans and animals. We report the 4.3 Mbp draft genome sequence of a M. morganii isolated in association with an Escherichia coli from broilers in Portugal that showed macroscopic lesions consistent with colisepticemia. The analysis of the genome matched the multidrug resistance phenotype and enabled the identification of several clinically important and potentially mobile acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrD1. Mobile genetic elements, prophages, and pathogenicity factors were also detected, improving our understanding toward this human and animal opportunistic pathogen.

2016-10-25Journal article

Open access

Architecture of Class 1, 2, and 3 Integrons from Gram Negative Bacteria Recovered among Fruits and Vegetables

Publication . Jones-Dias, Daniela; Manageiro, Vera; Ferreira, Eugénia; Barreiro, Paula; Vieira, Luís; Moura, Inês B; Caniça, Manuela

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout the food chain constitutes a public health concern. To understand the contribution of fresh produce in shaping antibiotic resistance bacteria and integron prevalence in the food chain, 333 antibiotic resistance Gram negative isolates were collected from organic and conventionally produced fruits (pears, apples, and strawberries) and vegetables (lettuces, tomatoes, and carrots). Although low levels of resistance have been detected, the bacterial genera identified in the assessed fresh produce are often described not only as environmental, but mostly as commensals and opportunistic pathogens. The genomic characterization of integron-harboring isolates revealed a high number of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, of which we highlight the presence of as mcr-1, qnrA1, bla GES-11, mphA, and oqxAB. The study of class 1 (n = 8), class 2 (n = 3) and class 3 (n = 1) integrons, harbored by species such as Morganella morganii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, led to the identification of different integron promoters (PcW, PcH1, PcS, and PcWTNG-10) and cassette arrays (containing drfA, aadA, cmlA, estX, sat, and bla GES). In fact, the diverse integron backbones were associated with transposable elements (e.g., Tn402, Tn7, ISCR1, Tn2 (*), IS26, IS1326, and IS3) that conferred greater mobility. This is also the first appearance of In1258, In1259, and In3-13, which should be monitored to prevent their establishment as successfully dispersed mobile resistance integrons. These results underscore the growing concern about the dissemination of acquired resistance genes by mobile elements in the food chain.

2016-09-13Journal article

Open access

Salmonella Enteritidis Isolate Harboring Multiple Efflux Pumps and Pathogenicity Factors, Shows Absence of O Antigen Polymerase Gene

Publication . Jones-Dias, Daniela; Clemente, Lurdes; Egas, Conceição; Froufe, Hugo; Sampaio, Daniel A; Vieira, Luís; Fookes, Maria; Thomson, Nicholas R; Manageiro, Vera; Caniça, Manuela

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica is one of the most important causes of gastrointestinal infection in humans, being the great majority of infections related to the consumption of poultry meat and eggs (Foley and Lynne, 2008; EFSA/ECDC, 2015). In animals, infections caused by serotype Enteritidis are rarely responsible for severe disease with animals frequently becoming asymptomatic carriers, except in the case of young chicks and poults, where outbreaks exhibiting clinical disease are often accompanied by high mortality rates (Foley et al., 2008, 2013). Indeed, S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has been responsible for severe disease in industrial poultry farming facilities worldwide, posing a potential hazard for public health (Lutful Kabir, 2010). In order to be infectious, Salmonella needs to adapt to different niches and conditions, where virulence and heavy-metal-tolerance factors play an important role, through co-selection events and the formation of pathogenicity islands, respectively (Hensel, 2004; Medardus et al., 2014). Furthermore, antibiotic resistance determinants can also facilitate their survival, with ubiquitous chromosomally encoded efflux mechanisms, playing an important role in both intrinsic, and acquired multidrug resistance. Other resistance mechanisms, such as changes in the membrane permeability, enzymatic modification, and target alterations may increase the levels of bacterial resistance, contributing to the success of the infection (Poole, 2004; Delmar et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015). Both antibiotic susceptibility determination and serotyping constitute very useful tools for the epidemiologic classification of S. enterica isolates. Indeed, in S. enterica, the resistance rates fluctuate according to the serotype and with the antibiotic (Clemente et al., 2015). Classically, serotyping is based on the antigenic reactivity of lipolysaccharide (O antigen) and flagellar proteins (H antigen), followed by a designation using names or formulas (Grimont and Weill, 2007). In this study, we aimed to analyze the genome of a S. Enteritidis isolate responsible for omphalitis in chicks, exploring the molecular features associated with antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity, as well as the ability to spread the respective determinants.

2016-08-03Journal article

Open access

Population genetics of IFITM3 in Portugal and Central Africa reveals a potential modifier of influenza severity

Publication . David, S; Correia, V; Antunes, L; Faria, R; Ferrão, J; Faustino, P; Nunes, B; Maltez, F; Lavinha, J; Rebelo de Andrade, H

Influenza epidemics are a serious global public health and economic problem. The IFITM3 allele (rs12252-C) was suggested as a strong population-based genetic risk factor for severe influenza virus infection by A(H1N1)pdm09. We analyzed the population genetics of IFITM3 variants in Portuguese general population (n=200) and Central Africans (largely Angolan) (n=148) as well as its association to influenza severity in Portuguese patients (n=41). Seven SNPs, within the 352bp IFITM3 amplicon around rs12252, were identified. SNP distributions in the Portuguese appeared at an intermediate level between the Africans and other Europeans. According to HapMap rs34481144 belongs to the same linkage disequilibrium (LD) block as rs12252, and is in strong LD with rs6421983. A negative association with severe relative to mild disease was observed for allele rs34481144-A, indicating a protective effect under the dominant model. Moreover, haplotype Hap4 with rs34481144-A, not including rs12252-C, was significantly associated to mild influenza. Conversely, although with borderline significance, haplotype Hap1 with rs34481144-G, not including rs12252-C, was associated to severe disease. Moreover, in comparison to the general Portuguese population, statistical significant differences in the frequencies of the protective allele rs34481144-A in the severe disease group, the deleterious Hap1 in the mild disease group and the protective Hap4 in the severe disease group, were observed. The population attributable risk (PAR) for the targeted rs34481144 allele or genotype was of 55.91% and 64.44% in the general population and the mildly infected individuals, respectively. Implication of these variants in disease phenotype needs further validation, namely through functional analysis as is discussed.

2017-08-25Journal article

Restricted access