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- COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in the paediatric population aged 5-17 years: a multicentre cohort study using electronic health registries in six European countries, 2021 to 2022Publication . Soares, Patricia; Machado, Ausenda; Nicolay, Nathalie; Monge, Susana; Sacco, Chiara; Hansen, Christian Holm; Meijerink, Hinta; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Schmitz, Susanne; Humphreys, James; Fabiani, Massimo; Echeverria, Aitziber; AlKerwi, Ala'a; Nardone, Anthony; Mateo-Urdiales, Alberto; Castilla, Jesús; Kissling, Esther; Nunes, Baltazar; VEBIS-Lot 4 working groupBackground: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination programmes targeted children and adolescents to prevent severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim: To estimate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19 in the paediatric population, among those with and without previously documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We established a fixed cohort followed for 12 months in Denmark, Norway, Italy, Luxembourg, Navarre (Spain) and Portugal using routine electronic health registries. The study commenced with paediatric COVID-19 vaccination campaign at each site between June 2021 and January 2022. The outcome was hospitalisation with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 as the main diagnosis. Using Cox proportional hazard models, VE was estimated as 1 minus the confounder-adjusted hazard ratio of COVID-19 hospitalisation between vaccinated and unvaccinated. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool VE estimates. Results: We included 4,144,667 5-11-year-olds and 3,861,841 12-17-year-olds. In 12-17-year-olds without previous infection, overall VE was 69% (95% CI: 40 to 84). VE declined with time since vaccination from 77% ≤ 3 months to 48% 180-365 days after immunisation. VE was 94% (95% CI: 90 to 96), 56% (95% CI: 3 to 80) and 41% (95% CI: -14 to 69) in the Delta, Omicron BA.1/BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 periods, respectively. In 12-17-year-olds with previous infection, one dose VE was 80% (95% CI: 18 to 95). VE estimates were similar for 5-11-year-olds but with lower precision. Conclusion: Vaccines recommended for 5-17-year-olds provided protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation, regardless of a previously documented infection of SARS-CoV-2, with high levels of protection in the first 3 months of the vaccination.
- Effectiveness of the XBB.1.5 COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalisation Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years During the BA.2.86/JN.1 Predominant Period, VEBIS Hospital Study, Europe, November 2023 to May 2024Publication . Antunes, Liliana; Rojas-Castro, Madelyn; Lozano, Marcos; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Leroux-Roels, Isabel; Borg, Maria-Louise; Oroszi, Beatrix; Fitzgerald, Margaret; Dürrwald, Ralf; Jancoriene, Ligita; Machado, Ausenda; Petrović, Goranka; Lazar, Mihaela; Součková, Lenka; Bacci, Sabrina; Howard, Jennifer; Verdasca, Nuno; Basile, Luca; Castilla, Jesús; Ternest, Silke; Džiugytė, Aušra; Túri, Gergő; Duffy, Roisin; Hackmann, Carolin; Kuliese, Monika; Gomez, Verónica; Makarić, Zvjezdana Lovrić; Marin, Alexandru; Husa, Petr; Nicolay, Nathalie; Rose, Angela M.C.; VEBIS SARI VE network teamWe estimated the effectiveness of the adapted monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation during the BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage-predominant period using a multicentre test-negative case-control study in Europe. We included older adults (≥ 65 years) hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection from November 2023 to May 2024. Vaccine effectiveness was 46% at 14-59 days and 34% at 60-119 days, with no effect thereafter. The XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines conferred protection against BA.2.86 lineage hospitalisation in the first 4 months post-vaccination.
- Systematic review and modelling of seroprevalence in humans, Europe, 2000 to 2021Publication . Friesema, Ingrid Hm; Waap, Helga; Swart, Arno; Györke, Adriana; Le Roux, Delphine; Evangelista, Francisco Md; Spano, Furio; Schares, Gereon; Deksne, Gunita; Gargaté, Maria João; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; Jokelainen, Pikka; Seeber, Frank; Sroka, Jacek; Lundén, Anna; van den Berg, Oda; Jore, Solveig; Wisselink, Henk J.; Dámek, Filip; Vestergaard, Lasse S.; Opsteegh, Marieke; APAGARBackground: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan capable of infecting warm-blooded animal species and humans. Although toxoplasmosis presents mostly as mild or asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent individuals, in unborn children and people with weakened immune systems, the disease can be severe with ocular, neurological or multi-systemic manifestations and even death. Aim: We aimed to collate and analyse data on T. gondii seroprevalence in humans to model and compare age-dependent prevalence in geographic regions in Europe. Methods: A systematic review identified 1,822 scientific publications, from which seroprevalence data were extracted from 69 studies. Data were analysed using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Results: The modelling of the seroprevalence indicated the highest incidence rates in eastern (50%) and western (48%) Europe, with the lowest estimates in northern Europe (18%) and the United Kingdom (UK) (18%). Eastern and western Europe were regions where T. gondii infections occurred earliest in life, with half of the population expected to be seropositive by the age of 44 and 47 years, respectively. In contrast, in northern Europe and the UK the modelled median time to infection exceeded 170 years. Conclusions: Results of the study provide a robust baseline for future epidemiological research on human T. gondii infections in Europe and may be useful to validate subsequent research, such as risk assessment studies.
- Umrah- and travel-associated meningococcal disease due to multiple serogroup W ST-11 sub-strains pre-Hajj 2024Publication . Lucidarme, Jay; Deghmane, Ala-Eddine; Sharma, Shalabh; Meilleur, Courtney; Eriksson, Lorraine; Mölling, Paula; Claus, Heike; van Sorge, Nina; Bettencourt, Célia; Bajanca-Lavado, Paula; Tsang, Raymond S.W.; Caugant, Dominique A.; Stefanelli, Paola; Neri, Arianna; Tzanakaki, Georgina; Lekshmi, Aiswarya; Campbell, Helen; Clark, Stephen A.; Heymer, Emma J.; Ribeiro, Sonia; Willerton, Laura; Walsh, Lloyd; Bai, Xilian; Lâm, Thiên-Trí; Wagle, Basanta R.; Walia, Vishakh; Howie, Rebecca L.; Neatherlin, John; Rubis, Amy; Vachon, Madhura; McNamara, Lucy A.; Ladhani, Shamez N.; Taha, Muhamed-Kheir; Borrow, RayObjectives: Collectively, the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages draw > 30 million pilgrims to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) each year. Before Hajj 2024 (14 to 19 June), the meningococcal serogroup W ST-11 complex (W:cc11) Hajj-strain sublineage caused multiple international cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) associated with travel to the Middle East and Asia. Here we identify and characterise the strains responsible. Methods: All Hajj strain sublineage genomes on PubMLST.org underwent core genome MLST comparisons (PubMLST.org). Results: Isolates from 30 cases, across seven countries, formed five phylogenetic clusters within two distinct strains. Travel histories included KSA, other Middle Eastern countries, India, Mauritius, Kenya via Turkey, and no known associated travel. The prevalent strain, representing four clusters, had no African, and limited Middle Eastern, representation. The geo-temporal distribution of available genomes indicated Eastern Europe as a possible source. Conclusions: The rapid expansion of Umrah/travel-related W:cc11 IMD cases in early 2024 was due to multiple strains/sublineages. Despite the involvement of non-KSA travel-destinations, the coincidence of cases with the busy month of Ramadan, and the abrupt cessation during Hajj (when vaccine compliance is maximal), suggest that Umrah was a key driver and highlight the need to reinforce mandatory vaccination whilst maintaining global vigilance.