Browsing by Author "dos Santos, Rui Galhano"
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- Acid liquefaction of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars peels – Pre-screening of antioxidant Aactivity total phenolic and sugar contentsPublication . Mateus, Maria Margarida; Ventura, Patrícia; Rego, Andreia; Motta, Carla; Castanheira, Isabel; Bordado, João Moura; dos Santos, Rui GalhanoIn the present study, the liquefaction of both regular and sweet potato peels was conducted to investigate the bio-oil produced, the sugar and total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Initially, the bio-oil obtained after liquefaction was partitioned into two different fractions, a hydrophilic fraction and the other consisted of the portion that contained the apolar compounds. Afterward, the samples of the whole bio-oil, aqueous extract, and organic phase of both cultivars were analyzed by attenuated total reflection- Fourier Transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, hydroxyl number, and acid value. This was done in combination with assessment of the sugar and total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The samples demonstrated a considerable content of phenolic moieties in their composition. The antioxidant activity, which was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical method, revealed that the antioxidants of the liquefied products and its extracts were generally better than that of butylated hydroxytoluene. Glucose, sucrose, and maltose were identified and quantified within all of the samples.
- Development and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Paints Containing Chloroxylenol and TerpineolPublication . Querido, Micaela Machado; Paulo, Ivo; Hariharakrishnan, Sriram; Rocha, Daniel; Barbosa, Nuno; Gonçalves, Diogo; dos Santos, Rui Galhano; Bordado, João Moura; Teixeira, João Paulo; Pereira, Cristiana CostaThe establishment of self-disinfecting surfaces is an important method to avoid surface contamination. Recently, paints with antimicrobial properties have been developed to be applied on different surfaces, avoiding contamination with pathogens. In this work, self-disinfecting paints containing Chloroxylenol (CLX), Terpineol (TRP), and a mixture of both substances were developed. The goal was to evaluate and validate these paints using international standards for eventual commercialization and application in scenarios where surface contamination represents a problem. The paints were challenged with five different bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram- negative, before and after a scrub resistance test, where the long-term efficacy of the paints was evaluated. The antibacterial activity assessment was performed following ISO 22196 and JIS Z2801. In general, the paints showed very promising results, demonstrating their antibacterial activity, before and after scrub resistance test. The paint incorporating the mixture of CLX and TRP (CLX+TRP) stood out by revealing consistent results of antibacterial activity both before and after the scrub resistance test for most of the tested bacteria. The cytotoxicity of the developed paints was assessed in vitro by performing tests by direct contact with a human skin cell line, HaCaT, and testes on extracts with HaCaT and a pulmonary cell line, A549. The methodologies for cytotoxicity assessment were developed based in ISO 10993. For genotoxicity assessment, alkaline comet assay was conducted on both cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed promising results with the paints, demonstrating values of cellular viability above 70% and values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage below 30%. The genotoxic assessment also revealed acceptable values of primary DNA damage for the developed antibacterial paints. In general, the selected methodologies presented good potential to be applied in the validation of both efficacy and safety of the antimicrobial paints, aiming to be applied in real scenarios.