Browsing by Author "Matos, J."
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- Bioactive and nutritional potential of Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissimaPublication . Afonso, C.; Matos, J.; Guarda, I.; Gomes-Bispo, A.; Gomes, R.; Cardoso, C.; Gueifão, S.; Delgado, I.; Coelho, Inês; Castanheira, Isabel; Bandarra, N.M.The brown seaweed species Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima are commercial edible resources in Norway. There are knowledge gaps regarding these species. Accordingly, they were characterized and their bioactivity and bioaccessibility evaluated. The fatty acid (FA) analysis revealed anω-3/ω-6 ratio of almost 2 in A. esculenta vs 1 in S. latissima. The FAs 18:4ω-3 (stearidonic acid) and 20:5ω-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) were themain contributors to the relativeω-3 polyunsaturated FA richness in A. esculenta. This seaweed was also rich in fucoxanthin (66.1 ± 20.1 mg (100 g)−1 dw), representing approximately 4.1% of the total lipids. Hence, this species may be a source of natural fucoxanthin. Anti-inflammatory activity was significantly stronger (p < 0.001) in the ethanolic than in the aqueous extracts of the algal biomass, 48.3–60.4% vs 18.2–38.6% cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition. In the bioaccessible fraction of both species, phenolic content and antioxidant activitywere low.Moreover, the anti-inflammatory capacity was largely lost in this fraction, especially in the case of S. latissima. Regarding elemental composition, there were no large differences between the two brown seaweed species, being As levels high (53.11–58.93 mg kg−1 dw). However, this As is mostly organic and accordingly poses a lower risk to human health. The I content was high, especially in S. latissima, 2829 ± 58 mg kg−1 dw (557 ± 17 mg kg−1 dw in A. esculenta). Taking into account I levels, only 0.05 g and 0.39 g of S. latissima per day (based on I levels before digestion) are enough to reach I DRI and I TUIL, respectively, or 0.07 g and 0.57 g per day (based on I levels after digestion), for I DRI and I TUIL, respectively. The attained results point to an untapped potential regarding development of functional foods and other products with high-added value—particularly in the case of A. esculenta.
- Commercial Red Seaweed in Portugal (Gelidium sesquipedale and Pterocladiella capillacea, Florideophyceae): Going beyond a Single-Purpose Product Approach by Valorizing BioactivityPublication . Matos, J.; Gomes, A,; Cardoso, C.; Afonso, c.; Campos, A.M.; Gomes, R.; Falé, P.; Delgado, Inês; coelho, Inês; Castanheira, Isabel; Bandarra, N.M.The red seaweed species Gelidium sesquipedale and Pterocladiella capillacea are commercially explored as one of the main seaweed resources in Portugal. However, they are essentially harvested for extraction of agar, leaving a large biomass share needing an adequate valorization. The two studied red seaweed species were characterized by a large share of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the vicinity of 60% (of the total FAs). Concerning ω3 highly unsaturated FAs, only EPA reached a significant percentage in P. capillacea and G. sesquipedale, 13.0 ± 0.5% and 7.7 ± 0.1%, respectively. In comparison with other seaweeds, the phenolic content was low for both species and aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant activity was also low or even undetected. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, as measured by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, it was not detected in the aqueous extracts of the seaweed, but was significant in the ethanolic extracts, 69 ± 3% and 54 ± 6%, for P. capillacea and G. sesquipedale, respectively. Concerning cytotoxicity, while ethanolic extracts did not cause any detectable cytotoxicity, the biomass and the aqueous extracts reduced HeLa cell viability. Finally, the elemental composition showed differences between the two seaweed species. In particular, G. sesquipedale contained a higher I level than P. capillacea, 807 ± 51 mg/kg dw vs 435 ± 18 mg/kg dw. On the whole, attained results were promising and warrant further study.