Favila Menezes, M.Sousa, Maria JoséPaixão, P.Atouguia, J.Negreiros, I.Simões, M.J.2019-03-262019-03-262018-03-21IDCases. 2018 Mar 21;12:95-96. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.03.014. eCollection 20182214-2509http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/6318Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6011140/Lawsonella clevelandensis is a Gram-stain-positive, partially acid-fast, anaerobic, being considered a new species within a new genus in the suborder Corynebacterineae. There are only a few cases reported worldwide. This is a fastidious microorganism, difficult to identify by conventional methods, leading to inappropriate treatments. The authors report a case of a 29-year-old woman with a 3-week evolution of a breast nodule. There was a family history of breast carcinoma. Samples were collected for histological and microbiological examination. Gram staining revealed Gram-positive filamentous bacilli, acid-fast-positive. The cultural examination revealed a Lawsonella clevelandensis that was confirmed by molecular methods. At the last follow up, the evolution was favorable; the abscess was resolved, with no evidence of recurrence. To our knowledge the present case was the first reported in Europe.engAcid-fast-positiveBreast AbscessLawsonella clevelandensisjournal article10.1016/j.idcr.2018.03.014