Costa, C.Teixeira, João Paulo2015-02-032015-02-032014In: Wexler P. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Toxicology. 3rd edition. vol 1. Elsevier Inc., Academic Press, pp. 483-484. ISBN: 97801238645439780123864543http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2761This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Chris Theodorakis, volume 1, pp 294–297, 2005, Elsevier IncBiomonitoring concerns the systematic measurement of compounds and/or detection of cell or cell molecules alterations in living organisms with the purpose of identifying or assessing potential hazardous exposure and effects to chemicals. Biomonitoring presents a wide range of advantages over environmental monitoring and has been considered to be a valuable tool for both ecological and human health surveillance. Cautious interpretation of data is one of the most sensitive issues on this matter. Still, the development and application of biomonitoring lead to improved knowledge of the effects of chemicals on living organisms and at the same time to increased protection of public health and environment.engBioindicatorsBiomarkersEnvironmental SurveillanceHuman HealthOccupational Exposure LimitsGenotoxicityPollutionSamplingRisk AssessmentGenotoxidade Ambientalbook part10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.01000-9