Costa, AlexandraCaldas de Almeida, TeresaFialho, MónicaRasga, CéliaMartiniano, HugoSantos, OsvaldoVirgolino, AnaMoura Vicente, AstridHeitor, Maria João2024-01-222024-01-222023-02-10Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 10;20(4):3131. doi: 10.3390/ijerph200431311660-4601http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/8944(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Psychological Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Different At-Risk Population Groups)The COVID-19 pandemic increased psychosocial risk factors among healthcare professionals (HCPs). Objective: To characterize Portuguese HCPs mental health (MH), estimate anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout symptoms, and identify risk/protective factors. A cross-sectional online survey and a longitudinal assessment were conducted in 2020 (T0) and 2021 (T1). Sociodemographic and occupational variables, COVID-19-related experiences and protective behavior data were collected from a non-probabilistic sample of HCPs in Portugal. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, burnout and resilience were assessed using the Portuguese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), respectively. Risk and protective factors were identified through simple and multiple logistic regression models. Overall, 2027 participants answered the survey in T0 and 1843 in T1. The percentage of moderate-to-severe symptoms decreased from T0 to T1; however, a considerable proportion of HCPs reported symptoms of distress in both years. Being a woman, working in a COVID-19-treatment frontline position and work–life balance increased the odds of distress. High resilience, good social/family support, and hobbies/lifestyle maintenance were found to be protective factors. Globally, our results show that performing as a HCP during the pandemic may result in long-term effects on MH.engAnxietyDepressionStress DisordersPost-traumaticProfessional BurnoutResilienceMental Health PromotionRisk and Protective FactorsMental HealthCOVID-19Determinantes da Saúde e da DoençaPromoção da Saúde Mentaljournal article10.3390/ijerph20043131