Laniece Delaunay, CharlotteMelo, AryseMaurel, MarineMazagatos, ClaraGoerlitz, LuiseO’Donnell, JoanOroszi, BeatrixSève, NoémieRodrigues, Ana PaulaMartínez-Baz, IvánMeijer, AdamMlinarić, IvanLatorre-Margalef, NeusLazăr, MihaelaPérez-Gimeno, GloriaDürrwald, RalfBennett, CharleneTúri, GergőRameix-Welti, Marie-AnneGuiomar, RaquelCastilla, JesúsHooiveld, MariëtteKurečić Filipović, SanjaSamuelsson Hagey, ToveDijkstra, FrederikaBorges, VitorRamos Marín, VioletaBacci, SabrinaKaczmarek, MarlenaKissling, EstherEuropean primary care VE group2025-03-112025-03-112024-06-04Vaccine. 2024 Jul 25;42(19):3931-3937. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.067. Epub 2024 Jun 40264-410Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/10431Erratum in: Vaccine. 2024 Oct 3;42(23):126089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.056. Epub 2024 Jul 8.In autumn 2023, European vaccination campaigns predominantly administered XBB.1.5 vaccine. In a European multicentre study, we estimated 2023 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic infection at primary care level between September 2023 and January 2024. Using a testnegative case–control design, we estimated VE in the target group for COVID-19 vaccination overall and by time since vaccination. We included 1057 cases and 4397 controls. Vaccine effectiveness was 40 % (95 % CI: 26–53 %) overall, 48 % (95 % CI: 31–61 %) among those vaccinated < 6 weeks of onset and 29 % (95 % CI: 3–49 %) at 6–14 weeks. Our results suggest that COVID-19 vaccines administered to target groups during the autumn 2023 campaigns showed clinically significant effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed, medically attended symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 3 months following vaccination. A longer study period will allow for further variant-specific COVID-19 VE estimates, better understanding decline in VE and informing booster administration policies.engCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Vaccine EffectivenessMulticentre StudyTest-Negative DesignEuropeInfecções RespiratóriasInvestigação em Serviços de SaúdeEstados de Saúde e de Doençajournal article10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.06738839521