Ladhani, S.Slack, M.P.Heath, P.T.von Gottberg, A.Chandra, M.Ramsay, M.E.European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants2011-09-192011-09-192010-03Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Mar;16(3):455-631080-6040doi: 10.3201/eid1603.090290http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/189European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants: Paula Lavado (Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas do INSA)An international collaboration was established in 1996 to monitor the impact of routine Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination on invasive H. influenzae disease; 14 countries routinely serotype all clinical isolates. Of the 10,081 invasive H. influenzae infections reported during 1996-2006, 4,466 (44%, incidence 0.28 infections/100,000 population) were due to noncapsulated H. influenzae (ncHi); 2,836 (28%, 0.15/100,000), to Hib; and 690 (7%, 0.036/100,000), to non-b encapsulated H. influenzae. Invasive ncHi infections occurred in older persons more often than Hib (median age 58 years vs. 5 years, p<0.0001) and were associated with higher case-fatality ratios (12% vs. 4%, p<0.0001), particularly in infants (17% vs. 3%, p<0.0001). Among non-b encapsulated H. influenzae, types f (72%) and e (21%) were responsible for almost all cases; the overall case-fatality rate was 9%. Thus, the incidence of invasive non-type b H. influenzae is now higher than that of Hib and is associated with higher case fatality.engInfecções Respiratóriasjournal article